Angelina Eichhorst | |
---|---|
Angelina Julietta Francisca Eichhorst is a European civil servant and since November 2024 the European Union Ambassador-designate to Egypt and the League of Arab States (LAS).
In September 2010 HRVP Catherine Ashton announced the first class of European Union ambassadors to be posted abroad following the entry into force of the Treaty of Lisbon. [1]
Eichhorst served from January 2011 to August 2015 as European Union ambassador / Head of the European Union Delegation to Lebanon. [2] [3] [4]
In July 2015 Eichhorst was appointed by EU HRVP Federica Mogherini as Deputy Managing Director / Director Western Europe, Western Balkans [5] and Turkey [6] at the European External Action Service in Brussels. During this period she was also the EU Chief Negotiator for the then EU HRVP Facilitated Belgrade-Pristina Dialogue. [7] [8] [9] [10]
On 1 September 2019, Eichhorst took charge of Thomas Mayr-Harting's portfolio as acting Managing Director for Europe and Central Asia and on 1 June 2020 EU HRVP Josep Borrell confirmed Eichhorst as Managing Director. [11] [12]
She served for four Secretaries General at the European External Action Service: Pierre Vimont, Alain Le Roy, Helga Schmid and Stefano Sannino. During her term with EU HRVP Josep Borrell she worked extensively on the EU's enlargement portfolio (https://european-union.europa.eu/principles-countries-history/eu-enlargement_en), on EU-EEA/EFTA relations, on Arctic matters, the EU-Türkiye relations, on the Cyprus issue -following HRVP Mogherini's work in Crans Montana in 2017- and on the post-Brexit EU-UK file.
In April 2024 EU HRVP Josep Borrell nominated Eichhorst as the next EU Ambassador in Cairo https://www.eeas.europa.eu/eeas/eeas-high-representative-josep-borrell-nominated-new-heads-eu-delegations-upcoming-diplomatic_en
Eichhorst joined the European Commission in Brussels in 1996, where at the then DG IB External relations, [13] led by Ambassador DG Juan Prat, [14] she held various positions in charge of the Euro-Mediterranean Barcelona Process — now Union for the Mediterranean. [15] [16] She covered operations in Egypt, Yemen and Jordan.
From 2000 to 2003 she worked for then DG VIII —DG DEVCO [17] the later DG INTPA (https://commission.europa.eu/about-european-commission/departments-and-executive-agencies/international-partnerships_en) — led by then Ambassador DG Stefano Manservisi [18] and DG Koos Richelle [19] - as national expert seconded from the then ODA [20] led by Clare Short.
She worked to initiate EU global policies on human and social development, corporate social responsibility, global public goods, sexual and reproductive health and rights. During part of this period she was the alternative board member for the EU at The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria [21] assisting Dr. Lieve Fransen [22] who was the EU member of the GFATM founding Board and later the co-chair of the Board. [23] Substantial work was done with DG Trade [24] on access to medicines. [25]
In 2004 Eichhorst moved to Amman as Head of Development and Regional Cooperation at the EU Delegation to Jordan [26] also covering EU interventions in Yemen.
In 2008 she was promoted to head the Political and Economic Affairs, Press, Information and Culture department [27] at the EU Delegation in Damascus, Syria where she worked and lived until she took up her position as European Union ambassador in Beirut, Lebanon.
Before joining the EU institutions, between 1989 and 1996, Eichhorst worked for the United Nations Secretariat [28] in New York in the Office for Research and Collection of Information directly attached to Secretary-General of the United Nations Javier Pérez de Cuéllar, and served as Political Affairs Officer to the Forces Commander of UNOSOM I, the first United Nations Operation in Somalia. [29] She held advisory and management positions in Cairo, Egypt (at the Netherlands Flemish Institute; [30] Shell Marketing Egypt; [31] Save the Children; North South Consultants Exchange [32] ).
Ambassador Eichhorst holds two MA degrees: languages and cultures of the Middle East, Catholic University in Nijmegen, with her thesis on Egyptian women writers; [33] and international relations, Université libre de Bruxelles, describing the challenges of NATO's Mediterranean Dialogue. [34] She has special degrees in international law, human rights and the law of international organisations.
The High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy/Vice-President of the European Commission (HR/VP) is the chief co-ordinator and representative of the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) within the European Union (EU). The position is currently held by Josep Borrell Fontelles. Former prime minister of Estonia Kaja Kallas is expected to succeed him in late 2024.
A European Union Association Agreement or simply Association Agreement (AA) is a treaty between the European Union, its Member States and a non-EU country or bloc of countries that governs bilateral relations. Areas frequently covered by such agreements include the development of political, trade, social, cultural and security links. The provision for an association agreement was included in the Treaty of Rome, which established the European Economic Community, as a means to enable co-operation of the Community with the United Kingdom, which had retreated from the treaty negotiations at the Messina Conference of 1955. According to the European External Action Service, for an agreement to be classified as an AA, it must meet several criteria:
1. The legal basis for [association agreements'] conclusion is Article 217 TFEU
2. Intention to establish close economic and political cooperation ;
3. Creation of paritary bodies for the management of the cooperation, competent to take decisions that bind the contracting parties;
4. Offering most favoured nation treatment;
5. Providing for a privileged relationship between the EC and its partner;
6. Since 1995 the clause on the respect of human rights and democratic principles is systematically included and constitutes an essential element of the agreement;
7. In a large number of cases, the association agreement replaces a cooperation agreement thereby intensifying the relations between the partners.
José Ignacio Salafranca Sánchez-Neyra is a Spanish politician and diplomat who currently serves as a Member of the European Parliament integrated within the European People's Party political group. He was previously the Head of the EU Delegation to Argentina between 2015 and 2017.
Although there has been a large degree of integration between European Union member states, foreign relations is still a largely intergovernmental matter, with the 27 states controlling their own relations to a large degree. However, with the Union holding more weight as a single entity, there are at times attempts to speak with one voice, notably on trade and energy matters. The High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy personifies this role.
The European Union Special Representatives (EUSR) are emissaries of the European Union with specific tasks abroad. While the EU's ambassadors are responsible for affairs with a single country, Special Representatives tackle specific issues, conflict areas or regions of countries. They answer directly to the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, currently Josep Borrell.
The Directorate-General for International Partnerships is the European Commission department responsible for international development policy. It operates under the authority of the European Commissioner for International Partnerships, currently Jutta Urpilainen.
David O'Sullivan is the Director General of the Institute of International and European Affairs (IIEA). He was previously a European civil servant served as Ambassador of the European Union to the United States from 2014 to 2019, Chief Operating Officer of the EEAS from 2010 to 2014, Director-General of DG RELEX from October 2010 to December 2010, Director-General of DG Trade from 2005 to 2010, Secretary General of the European Commission from 2000 to 2005.
The member states of the European Union are aligned in their foreign policy on many issues. The EU is the world's largest economic union, customs union and donor of humanitarian and development assistance and thus has an extensive network of delegations around the world mainly operating in the framework of External Relations, for which the European Commission is the main decision body. The EU also represents shared political and security viewpoints held by its member states, as articulated in the Common Foreign and Security Policy.
The Republic of Azerbaijan and the European Union (EU) have maintained a positive relationship through the years and have become more closely linked since 1991. Azerbaijan is currently part of the European Neighborhood Policy, the Eastern Partnership and the Council of Europe. The EU is the largest foreign grant donor to and investor in Azerbaijan, both in the government sector and civil society, making available over 600 million EURO of bilateral EU assistance since 1992.
The European External Action Service (EEAS) is the diplomatic service in charge of executing all international relations of the European Union. The EEAS is led by the High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy (HR/VP), who is also President of the Foreign Affairs Council and vice-president of the European Commission, and carries out the EU's Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP), including the Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP).
Kosovo unilaterally self proclaimed independence from Serbia in 2008, a move which Serbia strongly rejects. Serbia has not recognized Kosovo as an independent state and continues to claim it as the Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija. However, differences and disputes remain, while North Kosovo partially remains under Serbian influence. Initially there were no relations between the two; but in the following years there has been increased dialogue and cooperation between the two sides.
The Union for the Mediterranean is an intergovernmental organization of 43 member states from Europe and the Mediterranean Basin: the 27 EU member states and 16 Mediterranean partner countries from North Africa, Western Asia and Southern Europe. It was founded on 13 July 2008 at the Paris Summit for the Mediterranean, with an aim of reinforcing the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership (Euromed) that was set up in 1995 as the Barcelona Process. Its general secretariat is located in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
European Union–Pakistan relations are the international relations between the common foreign policy and trade relations of the European Union and the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. There has been no EU State Leader's visit for over twenty years.
Cuba–European Union relations are the international relations between the Republic of Cuba and the common foreign policy and trade relations of the European Union (EU). Relations have been strained in recent years, due to Cuba's poor human rights record and the European Union's numerous accusations of Cuba's human rights abuses.
The Belgrade–Pristina negotiations are a series of European Union-facilitated talks between the governments of Serbia and Kosovo. Serbia claims Kosovo as its southern province under United Nations administration, and rejects its independence. Kosovo considers Serbia as a neighbouring state. The negotiations began in March 2011, three years after Kosovo declared independence. They are the first negotiations between the two entities since Kosovo declared independence in February 2008.
The Service for Foreign Policy Instruments (FPI) is a department (Directorate-General) of the European Commission set up in response to the establishment of the European External Action Service (EEAS). The EEAS merged the Commission's Directorate-General for External Relations (and various other departments) with its counterparts in the Council of Ministers. The responsible Commissioner for the service is the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy Josep Borrell Fontelles in his role as Commission Vice-President. The current Head of Service is Peter M. Wagner.
Tiina Intelmann is an Estonian diplomat; she was the Permanent Representative of Estonia to the United Nations in New York from 2005 to 2011 and was the President of the Assembly of States Parties of the International Criminal Court from December 2011 until December 2014. Since then, she is the Head of the Delegation of the European Union to Liberia. Since 2017 she is the Estonian ambassador to the United Kingdom.
Androulla Kaminara is a former European civil servant who from September 2019 to May 2022 served as the Ambassador and Head of Delegation of the European Union to the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. As such, she was the first female ambassador of the European Union to Pakistan. Before her appointment to the European External Action Service, she joined the European Commission in 1991, where she has served in various Directorates General, including those dealing with technology, communications, development cooperation, international relations, and humanitarian aid.
The Ohrid Agreement, officially known as Agreement on the path to normalization between Kosovo and Serbia is an agreement mediated by the European Union that aims to normalize diplomatic relations between the Republic of Kosovo and the Republic of Serbia. On 27 February 2023, it was verbally accepted by Kosovar prime minister Albin Kurti and Serbian president Aleksandar Vučić and a plan for its implementation was agreed on 18 March 2023.