Anti-neurofascin demyelinating diseases

Anti-neurofascin demyelinating diseases (anti-NF diseases) refers to health conditions engendered by auto-antibodies against neurofascins, which can produce both central and peripheral demyelination. Some cases of combined central and peripheral demyelination (CCPD) could be produced by them. ^{[1] [ non-primary source needed ]}

• Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy: Some cases of CIDP are reported to be produced by auto-antibodies against several neurofascin proteins. These proteins are present in the neurons and four of them have been reported to produce disease: NF186, NF180, NF166 and NF155. ^[2]
• Neuromyelitis optica: NF auto antibodies can also appear in NMO cases. ^[2] These antibodies are more related to the peripheral nervous demyelination, but they were also found in NMO. ^{[3] [ non-primary source needed ]}
• Multiple sclerosis: Also antibodies against Neurofascins NF-155 can also appear in atypical multiple sclerosis ^[4] and NF-186 could be involved in subtypes of MS ^[5] yielding an intersection between both conditions. Around 10% of MS cases are now thought to be anti-NF cases. ^{[6] [7]}

Current status

Whether ANFAs are part of a unique and emerging disease entity, disease modifiers, or inconsequential remains to be elucidated with time. ^{[8] [9]} Anti-neurofascin antibodies are found in multiple sclerosis, and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy. ^[10]

History

The first report about a subgroup of MS patients with anti-NF and contactin 2 auto-antibodies was published in 2011 ^[11]

References

1. Ciron, Jonathan; Carra-Dallière, Clarisse; Ayrignac, Xavier; Neau, Jean-Philippe; Maubeuge, Nicolas; Labauge, Pierre (3 November 2018). "The coexistence of recurrent cerebral tumefactive demyelinating lesions with longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis and demyelinating neuropathy" . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders. 27: 223–225. doi:10.1016/j.msard.2018.11.002. ISSN   2211-0348. PMID   30414563. S2CID   53292167.
2. Kira, Jun-ichi; Yamasaki, Ryo; Ogata, Hidenori (2019-11-01). "Anti-neurofascin autoantibody and demyelination". Neurochemistry International. Emerging focus areas in Neuroimmunology. 130: 104360. doi: 10.1016/j.neuint.2018.12.011 . ISSN   0197-0186. PMID   30582947. S2CID   56595020.
3. Jia, Kun; Zhang, Xu; Zhang, Lin-Jie; Li, Li-Min; Qi, Yuan; Yi, Ming; Zhang, Chao; Yang, Chun-Sheng; Yang, Li (16 January 2019). "Anti-neurofascin-155 antibody-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders" . Journal of the Neurological Sciences. 398: 16–18. doi:10.1016/j.jns.2019.01.024. ISSN   0022-510X. PMID   30665067. S2CID   58636411.
4. Stich O, Perera S, Berger B, Jarius S, Wildemann B, Baumgartner A, Rauer S (March 2016). "Prevalence of neurofascin-155 antibodies in patients with multiple sclerosis". Journal of the Neurological Sciences. 364: 29–32. doi:10.1016/j.jns.2016.03.004. PMID   27084211. S2CID   29204735.
5. "Multiple Sclerosis Society Website - Welcome to the MS Society - lini…". archive.ph. 2007-06-21. Retrieved 2022-06-29.
6. Goncalves, Marcus Vinicius Magno; Fragoso, Yara Dadalti (2019-04-08). "The involvement of anti-neurofascin 155 antibodies in central and peripheral demyelinating diseases". Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation. 6: 6. doi: 10.20517/2347-8659.2019.08 . ISSN   2347-8659. S2CID   146038130.
7. Kawamura, Nobutoshi; Yamasaki, Ryo; Yonekawa, Tomomi; Matsushita, Takuya; Kusunoki, Susumu; Nagayama, Shigemi; Fukuda, Yasuo; Ogata, Hidenori; Matsuse, Dai; Murai, Hiroyuki; Kira, Jun-ichi (2013-08-20). "Anti-neurofascin antibody in patients with combined central and peripheral demyelination" . Neurology. 81 (8): 714–722. doi:10.1212/WNL.0b013e3182a1aa9c. ISSN   0028-3878. PMID   23884033. S2CID   20359260.
8. Gupta, N.; Shirani, A.; Arcot Jayagopal, L.; Piccione, E.; Hartman, E.; Zabad, R. K. (2022). "Anti-Neurofascin Antibodies Associated with White Matter Diseases of the Central Nervous System: A Red Flag or a Red Herring?". Brain Sciences. 12 (9): 1124. doi: 10.3390/brainsci12091124 . PMC   9497231 . PMID   36138860.
9. Kira, Jun-ichi (January 22, 2021). "Anti-Neurofascin 155 Antibody-Positive Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy/Combined Central and Peripheral Demyelination: Strategies for Diagnosis and Treatment Based on the Disease Mechanism". Frontiers in Neurology. 12. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2021.665136 . PMC   8222570 . PMID   34177770.
10. Kira, Jun-ichi; Yamasaki, Ryo; Ogata, Hidenori (November 1, 2019). "Anti-neurofascin autoantibody and demyelination". Neurochemistry International. 130: 104360. doi: 10.1016/j.neuint.2018.12.011 . PMID   30582947.
11. Meinl, Edgar; Derfuss, Tobias; Krumbholz, Markus; Pröbstel, Anne-Katrin; Hohlfeld, Reinhard (6 September 2010). "Humoral autoimmunity in multiple sclerosis" . Journal of the Neurological Sciences. 306 (1–2): 180–182. doi:10.1016/j.jns.2010.08.009. ISSN   0022-510X. PMID   20817206. S2CID   22349060.