Antimonite

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In chemistry, antimonite refers to a salt of antimony(III), such as NaSb(OH)4 and NaSbO2 (meta-antimonite), which can be prepared by reacting alkali with antimony trioxide, Sb2O3. [1] These are formally salts of antimonous acid, [2] Sb(OH)3, whose existence in solution is dubious. Attempts to isolate it generally form Sb2O3·xH2O, antimony(III) oxide hydrate, which slowly transforms into Sb2O3. [1]

In geology, the mineral stibnite, Sb2S3, is sometimes called antimonite.

Antimonites can be compared to antimonates, which contain antimony in the +5 oxidation state.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Antimony</span> Chemical element with atomic number 51 (Sb)

Antimony is a chemical element; it has symbol Sb (from Latin stibium) and atomic number 51. A lustrous grey metal or metalloid, it is found in nature mainly as the sulfide mineral stibnite (Sb2S3). Antimony compounds have been known since ancient times and were powdered for use as medicine and cosmetics, often known by the Arabic name kohl. The earliest known description of this metalloid in the West was written in 1540 by Vannoccio Biringuccio.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pnictogen</span> Group 15 elements of the periodic table with valency 5

The pnictogens are the chemical elements in group 15 of the periodic table. This group is also known as the nitrogen group or nitrogen family. Group 15 consists of the elements nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), arsenic (As), antimony (Sb), bismuth (Bi), and moscovium (Mc).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Stibine</span> Chemical compound

Stibine (IUPAC name: stibane) is a chemical compound with the formula SbH3. A pnictogen hydride, this colourless, highly toxic gas is the principal covalent hydride of antimony, and a heavy analogue of ammonia. The molecule is pyramidal with H–Sb–H angles of 91.7° and Sb–H distances of 170.7 pm (1.707 Å). The smell of this compound from usual sources (like from reduction of antimony compounds) is reminiscent of arsine, i.e. garlic-like.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Antimony trioxide</span> Chemical compound

Antimony(III) oxide is the inorganic compound with the formula Sb2O3. It is the most important commercial compound of antimony. It is found in nature as the minerals valentinite and senarmontite. Like most polymeric oxides, Sb2O3 dissolves in aqueous solutions with hydrolysis. A mixed arsenic-antimony oxide occurs in nature as the very rare mineral stibioclaudetite.

In chemistry an antimonate is a compound which contains a metallic element, oxygen, and antimony in an oxidation state of +5. These compounds adopt polymeric structures with M-O-Sb linkages. They can be considered to be derivatives of the hypothetical antimonic acid H3SbO4, or combinations of metal oxides and antimony pentoxide, Sb2O5.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Antimony pentoxide</span> Chemical compound

Antimony pentoxide (molecular formula: Sb2O5) is a chemical compound of antimony and oxygen. It contains antimony in the +5 oxidation state.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Antimony tribromide</span> Chemical compound

Antimony tribromide (SbBr3) is a chemical compound containing antimony in its +3 oxidation state.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Antimony trifluoride</span> Chemical compound

Antimony trifluoride is the inorganic compound with the formula SbF3. Sometimes called Swarts' reagent, it is one of two principal fluorides of antimony, the other being SbF5. It appears as a white solid. As well as some industrial applications, it is used as a reagent in inorganic and organofluorine chemistry.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Antimony(III) acetate</span> Chemical compound

Antimony(III) acetate is the compound of antimony with the chemical formula of Sb(CH3CO2)3. It is a white powder, is moderately water-soluble, and is used as a catalyst in the production of polyesters.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Antimony tetroxide</span> Chemical compound

Antimony tetroxide is an inorganic compound with the formula Sb2O4. This material, which exists as the mineral cervantite, is white but reversibly yellows upon heating. The material, with empirical formula SbO2, is called antimony tetroxide to signify the presence of two kinds of Sb centers.

Organoantimony chemistry is the chemistry of compounds containing a carbon to antimony (Sb) chemical bond. Relevant oxidation states are SbV and SbIII. The toxicity of antimony limits practical application in organic chemistry.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Antimony(III) sulfate</span> Chemical compound

Antimony sulfate, Sb2(SO4)3, is a hygroscopic salt formed by reacting antimony or its compounds with hot sulfuric acid. It is used in doping of semiconductors and in the production of explosives and fireworks.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Glass bead road surface marking</span> Reflective road paint

Glass beads composed of soda lime glass are essential for providing retroreflectivity in many kinds of road surface markings. Retroreflectivity occurs when incident light from vehicles is refracted within glass beads that are imbedded in road surface markings and then reflected back into the driver's field of view. In North America, approximately 227 million kilograms of glass beads are used for road surface markings annually. Roughly 520 kilograms of glass beads are used per mile during remarking of a five lane highway system, and road remarking can occur every two to five years. In the United States, the massive demand for glass beads has led to importing from countries using outdated manufacturing regulations and techniques.

Antimony phosphate, is a chemical compound of antimony and phosphate with formula SbPO4. Antimony is in the form Sb(III) with +3 oxidation state. Antimony atoms have a lone pair of electrons.

Gallium compounds are compounds containing the element gallium. These compounds are found primarily in the +3 oxidation state. The +1 oxidation state is also found in some compounds, although it is less common than it is for gallium's heavier congeners indium and thallium. For example, the very stable GaCl2 contains both gallium(I) and gallium(III) and can be formulated as GaIGaIIICl4; in contrast, the monochloride is unstable above 0 °C, disproportionating into elemental gallium and gallium(III) chloride. Compounds containing Ga–Ga bonds are true gallium(II) compounds, such as GaS (which can be formulated as Ga24+(S2−)2) and the dioxan complex Ga2Cl4(C4H8O2)2. There are also compounds of gallium with negative oxidation states, ranging from -5 to -1, most of these compounds being magnesium gallides (MgxGay).

Americium compounds are compounds containing the element americium (Am). These compounds can form in the +2, +3, and +4, although the +3 oxidation state is the most common. The +5, +6 and +7 oxidation states have also been reported.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Antimony ochre</span> Secondary minerals of antimony oxide class

Antimony ochre or ochre of antimony — a partially obsolete trivial name for secondary antimony minerals of the oxide class. Antimony ochres most often have the appearance of a powdery brown-yellow to whitish product of weathering (oxidation) of antimonite or native antimony. Usually they are not a pure mineral, but a mixture of two or more minerals: cervantite, valentinite, romeite, senarmontite, stibiconite, sometimes with an admixture of limonite or quartz.

References

  1. 1 2 Egon Wiberg, Arnold Frederick Holleman (2001) Inorganic Chemistry, Elsevier ISBN   0-12-352651-5
  2. ↑ Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN   978-0-08-037941-8.
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