Antonio Cieri (11 November 1898 – 7 April 1937) was an Italian anarchist and anti-fascist militant. A founding member of the Arditi del Popolo , he fought and died during the Spanish Civil War. [1]
Antonio Cieri (11 November 1898 – 7 April 1937) was an Italian anarchist and anti-fascist militant. A founding member of the Arditi del Popolo , he fought and died during the Spanish Civil War. [1]
Cieri was born in Vasto, Italy. During World War I, he received the Bronze Medal of Military Valor for his role in keeping alive the army telecommunications. [1]
He was an activist in the anarchist movement of Ancona, where he was employed by the State Railways as a technical designer. In 1921, he was transferred to Parma due to his political activity. There, during the Parma Barricades, in August 1922 together with Guido Picelli, who directed the entire anti-fascist formation, he was commander of the Arditi del Popolo in the defence of the Naviglio, a popular district of Parma, against the assaults of Italo Balbo's fascist squads. [1]
In 1923, he was fired from the State Railways and went into exile. In Paris, he resumed his activity as a militant anarchist by publishing the periodical Umanità Nova .
In 1936, he left to participate in the Italian Section of the Ascaso Column for the Republican side in the Spanish Civil War. [1] On 7 April 1937, he died during an assault against the Nationalist-held Huesca. There were suspicions that during the battle he was killed from the back by Stalinists of the Republican faction, and not by the "official" enemies. [1] [2]
Parma dedicated a square to him in 1984. [3] A plaque in Piazza Rossetti in Vasto has been raised for him. [4]
Alceste De Ambris was an Italian journalist, socialist activist and syndicalist, considered one of the greatest representatives of revolutionary syndicalism in Italy.
Arditi was the name adopted by a Royal Italian Army elite special force of World War I. They and the opposing German Stormtroopers were the first modern shock troops, and they have been called "the most feared corps by opposing armies".
Squadism was the practice of physical, anti-fascist direct action. The term, often used pejoratively by liberal anti-fascists eschewing violence, originated in the Anti-Nazi League, an anti-fascist campaigning organisation dominated by the heterodox Trotskyist Socialist Workers Party (SWP). The SWP formed "squads", fighting units, in 1977, initially to defend and steward meetings against violent attacks from the fascist National Front. However, other anti-fascist squads emerged separately from the SWP, such as the Sari Squad.
Camillo Berneri was an Italian professor of philosophy, anarchist militant, propagandist and theorist. He was assassinated during the Spanish Civil War, presumably on the orders from Stalin's USSR.
Mario Carli was an Italian poet, novelist, essayist and journalist.
Giuseppe Di Vittorio, also known as Nicoletti, was an Italian trade union leader and Communist politician. He was one of the most influential trade union leaders of the labour movement after World War I.
Italian anarchism as a movement began primarily from the influence of Mikhail Bakunin, Giuseppe Fanelli, and Errico Malatesta. Rooted in collectivist anarchism and social or socialist anarchism, it expanded to include illegalist individualist anarchism, mutualism, anarcho-syndicalism, and especially anarcho-communism. In fact, anarcho-communism first fully formed into its modern strain within the Italian section of the First International. Italian anarchism and Italian anarchists participated in the biennio rosso and survived Italian Fascism, with Italian anarchists significantly contributing to the Italian Resistance Movement. Platformism and insurrectionary anarchism were particularly common in Italian anarchism and continue to influence the movement today. The synthesist Italian Anarchist Federation appeared after the war, and autonomismo and operaismo especially influenced Italian anarchism in the second half of the 20th century.
The Arditi del Popolo was an Italian militant anti-fascist group founded at the end of June 1921 to resist the rise of Benito Mussolini's National Fascist Party and the violence of the Blackshirts (squadristi) paramilitaries. It grouped revolutionary trade-unionists, socialists, communists, anarchists, republicans, anti-capitalists, as well as some former military officers, and was co-founded by Giuseppe Mingrino, Argo Secondari and Gino Lucetti – who tried to assassinate Mussolini on 11 September 1926 – the deputy Guido Picelli and others. The Arditi del Popolo were an offshoot of the Arditi elite troops, who had previously occupied Fiume in 1919 behind the poet Gabriele d'Annunzio, who proclaimed the Italian Regency of Carnaro. Those who split to form the Arditi del Popolo were close to the anarchist Argo Secondari and were supported by Mario Carli. The formazioni di difesa proletaria later merged with them. The Arditi del Popolo gathered approximately 20,000 members in summer 1921.
Arditi is the name adopted by the Italian Army elite storm troops of World War I.
The Kingdom of Italy witnessed significant widespread civil unrest and political strife in the aftermath of World War I and the rise of the far-right Fascist movement led by Benito Mussolini which opposed the rise of the international left, especially the far-left along with others who opposed Fascism.
Alberto Acquacalda was an Italian anarchist and communist. He was a member of the anti-fascist militant group Arditi del Popolo. He was assassinated by fascist blackshirts at the age of 23.
Sansepolcrismo is a term used to refer to the movement led by Benito Mussolini that preceded Fascism. The Sansepolcrismo takes its name from the rally organized by Mussolini at Piazza San Sepolcro in Milan on March 23, 1919, where he proclaimed the principles of Fasci Italiani di Combattimento, and then published them in Il Popolo d'Italia, on June 6, 1919, the newspaper he co-founded in November 1914 after leaving Avanti!
Anti-fascism is a political movement in opposition to fascist ideologies, groups and individuals. Beginning in European countries in the 1920s, it was at its most significant shortly before and during World War II, where the Axis powers were opposed by many countries forming the Allies of World War II and dozens of resistance movements worldwide. Anti-fascism has been an element of movements across the political spectrum and holding many different political positions such as anarchism, communism, pacifism, republicanism, social democracy, socialism and syndicalism as well as centrist, conservative, liberal and nationalist viewpoints.
Events from the year 1921 in Italy.
Guido Picelli was an Italian Communist politician and anti-fascist militant. He was a founding member of the Arditi del Popolo and a participant in the Spanish Civil War where he died in battle.
Argo Secondari was an Italian anarchist and militant anti-fascist and one of the founders of the anti-fascist group Arditi del Popolo.
The Parma Barricades, also known as the siege of Parma, were a series of battles between anti-fascist forces of the Arditi del Popolo and the Proletarian Defense Formations against the fascist Squadristi in August 1922.
The anarchist brigades of the Italian Resistance were active during the Second World War, especially in central and northern Italy.
The Lucetti Battalion was an anarchist partisan brigade that operated in the surroundings of Carrara.
Giuseppe Giovanni Pietro Alberganti was an Italian worker, trade unionist, antifascist, partisan and politician.
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