Antonio Lieto

Last updated
Antonio Lieto
Citizenship Italy
Alma mater University of Salerno
Scientific career
Fields Artificial intelligence
Cognitive science
Institutions University of Turin, National Research Council of Italy, University of Salerno
Website https://www.antoniolieto.net

Antonio Lieto (born December 18, 1983) is an Italian cognitive scientist and computer scientist at the University of Salerno and a Research Associate at the Institute of High Performance Computing of the Italian National Research Council focusing on cognitive architectures and computational models of cognition, [1] [2] [3] commonsense reasoning and models of mental representation, [4] and persuasive technologies. [5] He teaches Artificial Intelligence and "Design and Evaluation of Cognitive Artificial Systems" [6] at the Department of Computer Science of the University of Turin. [7]

Contents

Career and contributions

He obtained his PhD from the University of Salerno with a thesis in knowledge representation. [8] and was then a researcher in Artificial Intelligence at the Department of Computer Science of the University of Turin from 2012 to 2023. [9] He is notable for his work on cognitively-inspired computational models of categorization integrating both prototypes and exemplars based strategies through the combination of Peter Gärdenfors conceptual spaces with large scale Description Logics ontologies like Cyc. His model, called DUAL PECCS, has been used to extend the categorization capabilities of different cognitive architectures. [10] He is also notable for the proposal of the Minimal Cognitive Grid as a methodological tool to rank the explanatory power of biologically and cognitively inspired artificial systems, [11] [12] and for the invention, with Gian Luca Pozzato, of a cognitively-inspired probabilistic description logics known as TCL (Typicality-based Compositional Logic) used for automated human-like knowledge invention and generation via conceptual blending and combination. [13]

In the context of persuasive technologies he has shown, with Vernero, how arguments reducible to logical fallacies represent a class of widely adopted persuasive techniques in both web and mobile technologies. [14] A 2021 report by the Rand Corporation has confirmed this insight by showing that the use of logical fallacies proposed by Lieto and Vernero is one of the rhetorical strategies for automated persuasion used by the Russian agents to influence the online discourse and spread subversive information in Europe. [15]

Lieto has been Visiting researcher at Carnegie Mellon University, at the University of Haifa and at Lund University and has been associate researcher and scientific consultant of the National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute). He has founded, in 2013, the international series of workshops AIC on "Artificial Intelligence and Cognition". [7] [16]

Recognition

In 2020, he was awarded the ACM Distinguished Speaker status from the Association for Computing Machinery. [17] In 2018, he was awarded the "Outstanding Research Award" from the BICA society (Biologically Inspired Cognitive Architecture Society) for his contribution in the area of cognitively inspired artificial systems. [18] [19] He was the vice-president of the Italian Association of Cognitive Science. [20] He is Deputy editor-in-chief of the Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Artificial Intelligence., [21] member of the scientific board of the journal Cognitive Systems Research (Elsevier) [22] and member of Technical Committee on Cognitive Robotics of the IEEE - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. [23] Since January 2024 he is an elected member of the Scientific Board of the Italian Association for Artificial Intelligence (AIxIA) [24]

Publications

Books

Edited books

Other publications

Related Research Articles

Natural-language understanding (NLU) or natural-language interpretation (NLI) is a subset of natural-language processing in artificial intelligence that deals with machine reading comprehension. Natural-language understanding is considered an AI-hard problem.

Persuasive technology is broadly defined as technology that is designed to change attitudes or behaviors of the users through persuasion and social influence, but not necessarily through coercion. Such technologies are regularly used in sales, diplomacy, politics, religion, military training, public health, and management, and may potentially be used in any area of human-human or human-computer interaction. Most self-identified persuasive technology research focuses on interactive, computational technologies, including desktop computers, Internet services, video games, and mobile devices, but this incorporates and builds on the results, theories, and methods of experimental psychology, rhetoric, and human-computer interaction. The design of persuasive technologies can be seen as a particular case of design with intent.

Artificial consciousness (AC), also known as machine consciousness (MC), synthetic consciousness or digital consciousness, is the consciousness hypothesized to be possible in artificial intelligence. It is also the corresponding field of study, which draws insights from philosophy of mind, philosophy of artificial intelligence, cognitive science and neuroscience. The same terminology can be used with the term "sentience" instead of "consciousness" when specifically designating phenomenal consciousness.

In cognitive linguistics, conceptual blending, also called conceptual integration or view application, is a theory of cognition developed by Gilles Fauconnier and Mark Turner. According to this theory, elements and vital relations from diverse scenarios are "blended" in a subconscious process, which is assumed to be ubiquitous to everyday thought and language. Much like memetics, it is an attempt to create a unitary account of the cultural transmission of ideas.

Soar is a cognitive architecture, originally created by John Laird, Allen Newell, and Paul Rosenbloom at Carnegie Mellon University.

Prototype theory is a theory of categorization in cognitive science, particularly in psychology and cognitive linguistics, in which there is a graded degree of belonging to a conceptual category, and some members are more central than others. It emerged in 1971 with the work of psychologist Eleanor Rosch, and it has been described as a "Copernican Revolution" in the theory of categorization for its departure from the traditional Aristotelian categories. It has been criticized by those that still endorse the traditional theory of categories, like linguist Eugenio Coseriu and other proponents of the structural semantics paradigm.

Developmental robotics (DevRob), sometimes called epigenetic robotics, is a scientific field which aims at studying the developmental mechanisms, architectures and constraints that allow lifelong and open-ended learning of new skills and new knowledge in embodied machines. As in human children, learning is expected to be cumulative and of progressively increasing complexity, and to result from self-exploration of the world in combination with social interaction. The typical methodological approach consists in starting from theories of human and animal development elaborated in fields such as developmental psychology, neuroscience, developmental and evolutionary biology, and linguistics, then to formalize and implement them in robots, sometimes exploring extensions or variants of them. The experimentation of those models in robots allows researchers to confront them with reality, and as a consequence, developmental robotics also provides feedback and novel hypotheses on theories of human and animal development.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Stan Franklin</span> American scientist (1931–2023)

Stan Franklin was an American scientist. He was the W. Harry Feinstone Interdisciplinary Research Professor at the University of Memphis in Memphis, Tennessee, and co-director of the Institute of Intelligent Systems. He is the author of Artificial Minds, and the developer of IDA and its successor LIDA, both computational implementations of Global Workspace Theory. He is founder of the Cognitive Computing Research Group at the University of Memphis.

A cognitive architecture refers to both a theory about the structure of the human mind and to a computational instantiation of such a theory used in the fields of artificial intelligence (AI) and computational cognitive science. The formalized models can be used to further refine a comprehensive theory of cognition and as a useful artificial intelligence program. Successful cognitive architectures include ACT-R and SOAR. The research on cognitive architectures as software instantiation of cognitive theories was initiated by Allen Newell in 1990.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Neural network (biology)</span> Structure in nervous systems

A neural network, also called a neuronal network, is an interconnected population of neurons. Biological neural networks are studied to understand the organization and functioning of nervous systems.

Unified Theories of Cognition is a 1990 book by Allen Newell. Newell argues for the need of a set of general assumptions for cognitive models that account for all of cognition: a unified theory of cognition, or cognitive architecture. The research started by Newell on unified theories of cognition represents a crucial element of divergence with respect to the vision of his long-term collaborator, and AI pioneer, Herbert Simon for what concerns the future of artificial intelligence research. Antonio Lieto recently drew attention to such a discrepancy, by pointing out that Herbert Simon decided to focus on the construction of single simulative programs that were considered a sufficient mean to enable the generalisation of “unifying” theories of cognition. Newell, on the other hand, didn’t consider the construction of single simulative microtheories a sufficient mean to enable the generalisation of “unifying” theories of cognition and, in fact, started the enterprise of studying and developing integrated and multi-tasking intelligence via cognitive architectures that would have led to the development of the Soar cognitive architecture.

Cognitive Robotics or Cognitive Technology is a subfield of robotics concerned with endowing a robot with intelligent behavior by providing it with a processing architecture that will allow it to learn and reason about how to behave in response to complex goals in a complex world. Cognitive robotics may be considered the engineering branch of embodied cognitive science and embodied embedded cognition, consisting of Robotic Process Automation, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Deep Learning, Optical Character Recognition, Image Processing, Process Mining, Analytics, Software Development and System Integration.

The ACM Computing Classification System (CCS) is a subject classification system for computing devised by the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). The system is comparable to the Mathematics Subject Classification (MSC) in scope, aims, and structure, being used by the various ACM journals to organize subjects by area.

Psi-theory, developed by Dietrich Dörner at the University of Bamberg, is a systemic psychological theory covering human action regulation, intention selection and emotion. It models the human mind as an information processing agent, controlled by a set of basic physiological, social and cognitive drives. Perceptual and cognitive processing are directed and modulated by these drives, which allow the autonomous establishment and pursuit of goals in an open environment.

The LIDA cognitive architecture is an integrated artificial cognitive system that attempts to model a broad spectrum of cognition in biological systems, from low-level perception/action to high-level reasoning. Developed primarily by Stan Franklin and colleagues at the University of Memphis, the LIDA architecture is empirically grounded in cognitive science and cognitive neuroscience. In addition to providing hypotheses to guide further research, the architecture can support control structures for software agents and robots. Providing plausible explanations for many cognitive processes, the LIDA conceptual model is also intended as a tool with which to think about how minds work.

The following table compares cognitive architectures.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Embodied cognition</span> Interdisciplinary theory

Embodied cognition is the concept suggesting that many features of cognition are shaped by the state and capacities of the organism. The cognitive features include a wide spectrum of cognitive functions, such as perception biases, memory recall, comprehension and high-level mental constructs and performance on various cognitive tasks. The bodily aspects involve the motor system, the perceptual system, the bodily interactions with the environment (situatedness), and the assumptions about the world built the functional structure of organism's brain and body.

Trenchard More was a mathematician and computer scientist who worked at IBM's Thomas J. Watson Research Center and Cambridge Scientific Center after teaching at MIT and Yale.

Karen L. Myers is the director of SRI International's Artificial Intelligence Center, where she is also principal scientist.

Neuro-symbolic AI is a type of artificial intelligence that integrates neural and symbolic AI architectures to address the weaknesses of each, providing a robust AI capable of reasoning, learning, and cognitive modeling. As argued by Leslie Valiant and others, the effective construction of rich computational cognitive models demands the combination of symbolic reasoning and efficient machine learning. Gary Marcus, argued, "We cannot construct rich cognitive models in an adequate, automated way without the triumvirate of hybrid architecture, rich prior knowledge, and sophisticated techniques for reasoning." Further, "To build a robust, knowledge-driven approach to AI we must have the machinery of symbol manipulation in our toolkit. Too much useful knowledge is abstract to proceed without tools that represent and manipulate abstraction, and to date, the only known machinery that can manipulate such abstract knowledge reliably is the apparatus of symbol manipulation."

References

  1. ↑ "500 italiani e italiane che contano nell'Intelligenza Artificiale", 19 Marzo 2024, Repubblica.it
  2. ↑ [https://vincenzomoretti.nova100.ilsole24ore.com/2024/01/28/antonio-lieto/ "Antonio Lieto e l’approccio olistico all’intelligenza artificiale ", 28 Gennaio 2024, Nòva Il Sole 24 Ore]
  3. ↑ Heise.de "Digitale Assistenten: Dein Freund und Lauscher", 01.10.2018, MIT Technology Review, Germany by Von Niels Boeing
  4. ↑ Scientific Sense Podcast by Gill Eapen
  5. ↑ [ACM Distinguished Lecture - Cognitive Biases for the Design of Persuasive Technologies: Uses, Abuses and Ethical Concerns https://speakers.acm.org/lectures/13427]
  6. ↑ Design and Evaluation of Cognitive Artificial Systems Course Syllabus - Department of Computer Science, Ph.D. Program in Computer Science, University of Turin.
  7. 1 2 Curriculum Vitae (PDF) Curriculum Vitae (PDF)
  8. ↑ Loop - Frontiers Biography
  9. ↑ - University of Salerno
  10. ↑ Extending the Knowledge Level of General Cognitive Architectures with Conceptual Spaces, Stockholm, Conceptual Spaces workshop, August 2016
  11. ↑ ACM Computing Reviews Cognitive Design for Artificial Minds, Review by Lucas Bechberger, ACM Computing Reviews, July 19, 2021
  12. ↑ Lieto, Antonio (2021). Cognitive Design for Artificial Minds. London, UK: Routledge, Taylor & Francis. ISBN   9781138207929.
  13. ↑ Bartlett, Laura; Pirrone, Angelo; Javed, Noman and; Gobet, Fernand (2022). "Computational scientific discovery in psychology" (PDF). Perspectives on Psychological Science. 18 (1): 178–189. doi:10.1177/17456916221091833. PMC   9902966 . PMID   35943820. S2CID   251444259.
  14. ↑ Lieto, Antonio; Vernero, Fabiana (2014). "Influencing the Others' Minds: An Experimental Evaluation of the Use and Efficacy of Fallacious-Reducible Arguments in Web and Mobile Technologies". PsychNology Journal. 12 (3): 87–105.
  15. ↑ Matthews, Miriam; Demus, Alyssa; Treyger, Elina; Posard, Marek N.; Reineger, Hilary; Paul, Christofer (March 2021). "Understanding and Defending Against Russia's Malign and Subversive Information Efforts in Europe" (PDF). Rand Research Report.
  16. ↑ AIC Workshop Series on Artificial Intelligence and Cognition
  17. ↑ ACM Distinguished Speaker Antonio Lieto - ACM Distinguished Speaker
  18. ↑ L'Outstanding Research Award per il ricercatore Antonio Lieto - Unitonews, 4 Sept. 2018
  19. ↑ Aiuto i robot a risolvere anche gli indovinelli, La Repubblica, 4 Sept. 2018
  20. ↑ "AISC Previous Governing Boards". Archived from the original on 2022-03-04. Retrieved 2022-04-20.
  21. ↑ https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?show=editorialBoard&journalCode=teta20 - Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Artificial Intelligence - Editorial Board
  22. ↑ https://www.journals.elsevier.com/cognitive-systems-research/editorial-board - Cognitive Systems Research - Editorial Board
  23. ↑ https://www.ieee-ras.org/cognitive-robotics/members IEEE Technical Committee on Cognitive Robotics
  24. ↑ https://aixia.it/en/membro/antonio-lieto/ - Italian Association for Artificial Intelligence - Board
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