Antoniotto Adorno | |
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| Born | 1688 Castelletto di Branduzzo, Milan |
| Died | 29 December 1774 (aged 63–64) Torre d'Isola, Milan |
| Buried | |
| Allegiance | Austria |
| Battles/wars | Austro-Turkish War (1716–1718) |
Antoniotto Botta Adorno, also Anton Otto Marchese Botta d'Adorno [1] (1688 - 29 December 1774) was a high officer of the Habsburg monarchy and a plenipotentiary of the Austrian Netherlands.
He was born in Branduzzo, Lombardy, to a noble family from Genoa whose members included seven doges of that city. His mother had an alleged love affair with King Philip V of Spain. A year after his birth his father, accused of an attempted coup, was expelled from the Republic of Genoa. In 1700, Antoniotto's father died, and, as the family fiefs went to his elder brother Alessandro, he chose a military career.
He distinguished himself during the Siege of Belgrade (1717), where he fought alongside Eugene of Savoy. Promoted subsequently as lieutenant colonel, general and marshal, he received the supreme command of Austrian troops in northern Italy during the War of Austrian Succession. In 1746, he led the Austro-Savoyard right wing in the victorious Battle of Piacenza against the French-Spanish coalition. He succeeded the sick Josef Wenzel, Prince of Liechtenstein as Austrian Supreme Commander in Italy, and fought the retreating Franco-Spanish troops in the Battle of Rottofredo.
On 7 September the same year, after occupying Genoa, he became Austrian governor of the city. He taxed Genoa so hard (Ai Genovesi non lascerò altro che gli occhi per piangere; I will leave the Genoese only their eyes to weep), that he was chased on 5 December by a popular revolt led by Balilla. Having lost the city, he was relieved of all military commands for the rest of the war.
In 1749, a year after the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, he became plenipotentiary of the Austrian Netherlands under Prince Charles Alexander of Lorraine. He reformed the army and tried to improve the conditions of the country.
Four years later, in 1753, he stepped down from his office in the Austrian Netherlands. Count Johann Karl Philipp von Cobenzl became his successor as minister plenipotentiary in Brussels. Adorno returned to Italy and became prime minister of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany.
In 1762, he was appointed as ambassador at Catherine II of Russia's court. Three years later, he became regent of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany after the death of emperor Francis I.
After his assignment in Tuscany, he returned to Pavia, where, thanks to the large patrimony he had accumulated, he had his family's palace in the city (Palazzo Botta Adorno) enlarged and had a villa built in Torre d'Isola in the Pavia countryside. [2] He died at Torre d'Isola, near Pavia, in 1774. He was buried in the Church of Santi Gervasio e Protasio in Pavia. [3]
Pavia is a town and comune of south-western Lombardy, in Northern Italy, 35 kilometres south of Milan on the lower Ticino near its confluence with the Po. It has a population of c. 73,086. The city was the capital of the Ostrogothic Kingdom from 540 to 553, of the Kingdom of the Lombards from 572 to 774, of the Kingdom of Italy from 774 to 1024 and seat of the Visconti court from 1365 to 1413.
The siege or battle of Pavia was fought in 773–774 in northern Italy, near Ticinum, and resulted in the victory of the Franks under Charlemagne against the Lombards under King Desiderius.
The Doge of Genoa was the head of state of the Republic of Genoa, a city-state and soon afterwards a maritime republic, from 1339 until the state's extinction in 1797. Originally elected for life, after 1528 the Doges were elected for terms of two years. The Republic was ruled by a small group of merchant families, from whom the doges were selected.
The Adorno family was a noble family of the Republic of Genoa, with the branches of Botta in Milan, several of whom were Doges of the republic.
The family is considered one of the most influential in the history of the republic.
The Duchy of Milan was a state in Northern Italy, created in 1395 by Gian Galeazzo Visconti, then the lord of Milan, and a member of the important Visconti family, which had been ruling the city since 1277.
Cleph was king of the Lombards from 572 to 574.
Adorno is a surname.
The Accademia delle Arti del Disegno is an academy of artists in Florence, in Italy. It was founded on 13 January 1563 by Cosimo I de' Medici, under the influence of Giorgio Vasari. It was initially known as the Accademia e Compagnia delle Arti del Disegno. It was made up of two parts: the company was a kind of guild for all working artists, while the academy was for more eminent artistic figures of the Medici court, and supervised artistic production in the Duchy of Florence.
The Natural History Museum in Pavia, Italy is a museum displaying many natural history specimens, located in Palazzo Botta Adorno. Founded in 1775, it was one of the oldest museums of natural history in Europe. It currently forms the University of Pavia museum network, along with 5 other museums — the University History Museum, Museum of Electrical Technology, Museum of Archeology, Museum Camillo Golgi and Museum of Mineralogy.
Antoniotto II Adorno was Doge of the Republic of Genoa from 1522 to 1527. Adorno was the last of the Genoese doges elected for life.
The Civic Museums of Pavia are a number of museums in Pavia, Lombardy, northern Italy. They are housed in the Castello Visconteo, or Visconti Castle, built in 1360 by Galeazzo II Visconti, soon after taking the city, a free city-state until then. The credited architect is Bartolino da Novara. The castle used to be the main residence of the Visconti family, while the political capital of the state was Milan. North of the castle a wide park was enclosed, also including the Certosa of Pavia, founded 1396 according to a vow of Gian Galeazzo Visconti, meant to be a sort of private chapel of the Visconti dynasty. The Battle of Pavia (1525), climax of the Italian Wars, took place inside the castle park.
Giacomo Fregoso or Campofregoso (1340–1420) was a statesman who became the 10th doge of Genoa.
Antonio Guarco was the 20º doge of the Republic of Genoa.
Johann Karl Philipp, Graf von Cobenzl was an 18th-century politician in the Habsburg monarchy. He was minister plenipotentiary of the Austrian Netherlands in Brussels under Empress Maria Theresia from 1753 until his death in 1770.
The Visconti Castle of Pavia is a medieval castle in Pavia, Lombardy, Northern Italy. It was built after 1360 in a few years by Galeazzo II Visconti, Lord of Milan, and used as a sovereign residence by him and his son Gian Galeazzo, first duke of Milan. Its wide dimensions induced Petrarch, who visited Pavia in the fall of 1365, to call it "an enormous palace in the citadel, a truly remarkable and costly structure". Adjacent to the castle, the Visconti created a vast walled park that reached the Certosa di Pavia, a Carthusian monastery founded in 1396 by the Visconti as well and located about 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) to the north.
The Palazzo Botta or Botta Adorno is a Neoclassical-style palace with a long facade along Via Lanfranco and Piazza Botta Adorno Antoniotto in the town of Pavia, region of Lombardy, Italy. Once the family home of the aristocratic Botta family, it presently houses the Natural History Museum of Pavia and the Museum Camillo Golgi.
The Palazzo Bellisomi Vistarino is an 18th-century palace in the city of Pavia and among the most important examples of Lombard rococo.
Cesare Angelini was an Italian presbyter, writer and literary critic.
The Church of Santi Gervasio e Protasio is a church in Pavia, in Lombardy.
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