Apartment A Go Go was a Santa Ana, California beer bar where female dancers appeared fully nude in the late 1960s. The business also presented amateur porn movies that were untitled and without sound. [1] The establishment became involved in litigation in April 1969. At that time a California Superior Court judge refused to dissolve a restraining order requested by the owner of the business, Harry Maselli. [2] Judge Claude M. Owens referred to the dancing exhibitions as dirt for money's sake. However he refused to prohibit nude movies which were previously banned in a temporary restraining order obtained on April 4, 1969. [3]
The court ruled that his decision was based on the Red Light Abatement Act which applied to houses of prostitution. The restraining order specifically prohibited nude dancing at the Apartment A Go Go. [2] Attorney Berrien E. Moore contended that the Orange County, California district attorney applied the red light abatement statute in an illegal manner pertaining to the issue. He believed that what was then referred to as bottomless dancing was protected by the First Amendment, which guaranteed free speech. [4]
Orange County District Attorney Cecil Hicks succeeded in obtaining preliminary injunctions against four other Orange County bars which also allowed all nude dancing. He conceded that without new local legislation, topless dancing was permitted by the freedom of speech amendment. In July 1969 Sacramento, California Municipal Court Judge Earl Warren Jr. issued a thirteen-page opinion pertaining to the issue. He acquitted two bottomless dancers of indecent exposure charges on the grounds that the entertainment contained no movements which would be out of place in any setting where modern dancing is engaged in by the public. [5] [6]
A restraining order or protective order, abbreviated PFA, is an order used by a court to protect a person, object, business, company, state, country, establishment, or entity, and the general public, in a situation involving alleged domestic violence, child abuse, assault, harassment, stalking, or sexual assault. In the United States, every state has some form of domestic violence restraining order law, and many states also have specific restraining order laws for stalking and sexual assault.
Same-sex marriage is legal in the U.S. state of California. The state first issued marriage licenses to same-sex couples June 16, 2008 as a result of the Supreme Court of California finding in In re Marriage Cases that barring same-sex couples from marriage violated the state's Constitution. The issuance of such licenses was halted from November 5, 2008 through June 27, 2013 due to the passage of Proposition 8—a state constitutional amendment barring same-sex marriages. The granting of same-sex marriages recommenced following the United States Supreme Court decision in Hollingsworth v. Perry, which restored the effect of a federal district court ruling that overturned Proposition 8 as unconstitutional.
Carol Ann Doda was an American topless dancer based in San Francisco, California, who was active from the 1960s through the 1980s. She was the first public topless dancer.
Stephen Lawrence Cooley is an American politician and prosecutor. He was the Los Angeles County District Attorney from 2000 to 2012. Cooley was re-elected in 2004 and again in 2008.
The Condor Club nightclub is a striptease bar or topless bar in the North Beach section of San Francisco, California The club was a small bar on the corner of Columbus and Broadway for most of the 1900s. Known as the Pisco Bar, it was purchased by Mario Puccinili who called it Pucci's House of Pisco. It was sold a couple of times and in 1958, was owned by Gino Del Prete. Pete Mattioli became Gino's partner in 1958 and promoted the club, which became a jumpin’ jivin’ entertainment center of North Beach, featuring George and Teddy and the Condors. In 1963, they hired a cocktail waitress named Carol Doda. She went on to fame wearing and dancing in the new topless swimsuit on June 19, 1964. The club has thrived since that date.
Atsushi Wallace Tashima is a Senior United States Circuit Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit and a former United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Central District of California. He is the third Asian American and first Japanese American to be appointed to a United States Court of Appeals.
Douglas Lyman Edmonds was an American jurist, serving on the Supreme Court of California and the United Nation's International Law Commission.
Proposition 8, known informally as Prop 8, was a California ballot proposition and a state constitutional amendment intended to ban same-sex marriage; it passed in the November 2008 California state elections and was later overturned in court. The proposition was created by opponents of same-sex marriage in advance of the California Supreme Court's May 2008 appeal ruling, In re Marriage Cases, which followed the short-lived 2004 same-sex weddings controversy and found the previous ban on same-sex marriage unconstitutional. Proposition 8 was ultimately ruled unconstitutional by a federal court in 2010, although the court decision did not go into effect until June 26, 2013, following the conclusion of proponents' appeals.
Roger Thomas Benitez is a senior United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of California. He is known for his opinions striking down several California gun control laws.
Cormac Joseph Carney is a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Central District of California.
James V. Selna is a Senior United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Central District of California.
Same-sex marriage has been legally recognized in the U.S. state of North Carolina since October 10, 2014, when a U.S. District Court judge ruled in General Synod of the United Church of Christ v. Cooper that the state's denial of marriage rights to same-sex couples was unconstitutional. The state's Governor and Attorney General had acknowledged that a recent ruling in the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals and the U.S. Supreme Court's decision not to hear an appeal in that case established the unconstitutionality of North Carolina's ban on same-sex marriage. State legislators sought without success to intervene in lawsuits to defend the state's ban on same-sex marriage.
For over a century, the city of San Francisco, California allowed unrestricted public nudity. In 2012, the city changed the law to require a parade permit for certain displays of public nudity.
William Horsley Orrick III is an American lawyer and judge. A native of San Francisco, Orrick has been a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of California since 2013. He formerly had a long career as a lawyer in private practice in San Francisco, and served as a Deputy Assistant Attorney General in the Civil Division of the United States Department of Justice during the Obama administration.
Derrick Kahala Watson is a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Hawaii.
Michelle Taryn Friedland is a United States Circuit Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit.
The Carriage Room was a strip club in Portland, Oregon, in the United States. The bar and restaurant closed in 1988.
The 2016 Proposition 63, titled Firearms and Ammunition Sales, is a California ballot proposition that passed on the November 8, 2016 ballot. It requires a background check and California Department of Justice authorization to purchase ammunition, prohibits possession of high-capacity ammunition magazines over ten rounds, levies fines for failing to report when guns are stolen or lost, establishes procedures for enforcing laws prohibiting firearm possession by specified persons, and requires California Department of Justice's participation in the federal National Instant Criminal Background Check System.
Executive Order 13769 was signed by U.S. President Donald Trump on January 27, 2017, and quickly became the subject of legal challenges in the federal courts of the United States. The order sought to restrict travel from seven Muslim majority countries: Iran, Iraq, Libya, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, and Yemen. The plaintiffs challenging the order argued that it contravened the United States Constitution, federal statutes, or both. On March 16, 2017, Executive Order 13769 was superseded by Executive Order 13780, which took legal objections into account and removed Iraq from affected countries. Then on September 24, 2017 Executive Order 13780 was superseded by Presidential Proclamation 9645 which is aimed at more permanently establishing travel restrictions on those countries except Sudan, while adding North Korea and Venezuela which had not previously been included.
Executive Order 13780, titled Protecting the Nation from Foreign Terrorist Entry into the United States, was an executive order signed by United States President Donald Trump on March 6, 2017. It placed limits on travel to the U.S. by nationals of several countries and barred entry for all refugees who did not possess either a visa or valid travel documents. This executive order—sometimes called "Travel Ban 2.0"—revoked and replaced Executive Order 13769 issued on January 27, 2017. Court rulings prohibited some of its key provisions from being enforced between March 15 and December 4, 2017. During its term of effect, it was revised by two presidential proclamations.