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Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the principal psychoactive constituent of cannabis and one of at least 113 total cannabinoids identified on the plant. Although the chemical formula for THC (C21H30O2) describes multiple isomers, the term THC usually refers to the Delta-9-THC isomer with chemical name (−)-trans-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol. THC is a terpenoid found in cannabis and, like many pharmacologically active phytochemicals, it is assumed to be involved in the plant's evolutionary adaptation against insect predation, ultraviolet light, and environmental stress. THC was first discovered and isolated by Israeli chemist Raphael Mechoulam in Israel in 1964. It was found that, when smoked, THC is absorbed into the bloodstream and travels to the brain, attaching itself to endocannabinoid receptors located in the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and basal ganglia. These are the parts of the brain responsible for thinking, memory, pleasure, coordination and movement.
Kavalactones are a class of lactone compounds found in kava roots and Alpinia zerumbet. Kavalactones are under research for potential to have various psychotropic effects, including anxiolytic and sedative/hypnotic activities.
Malassezia is a genus of fungi. It is the sole genus in family Malasseziaceae, which is the only family in order Malasseziales, itself the single member of class Malasseziomycetes. Malassezia species are naturally found on the skin surfaces of many animals, including humans. In occasional opportunistic infections, some species can cause hypopigmentation or hyperpigmentation on the trunk and other locations in humans. Allergy tests for these fungi are available.
Tripterygium wilfordii, or léi gōng téng (Mandarin), sometimes called thunder god vine but more properly translated thunder duke vine, is a vine used in traditional Chinese medicine.
In taxonomy, Picrophilus is an archaean genus of the family Picrophilaceae.
Mesembrine is an alkaloid present in Sceletium tortuosum (kanna). It has been shown to act as a serotonin reuptake inhibitor (Ki = 1.4 nM), and more recently, has also been found to behave as a weak inhibitor of the enzyme phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) (Ki = 7,800 nM). In an in vitro study published in 2015, researchers concluded that "a high-mesembrine Sceletium extract" may exert anti-depressant effects by acting as a monoamine releasing agent." As such, mesembrine likely plays a dominant role in the antidepressant effects of kanna. The levorotatory isomer, (−)-mesembrine, is the natural form.
Halopiger is a genus of archaeans in the family Natrialbaceae that have high tolerance to salinity.
Erythravine is a tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloid found in the plant Erythrina mulungu and other species of the genus Erythrina.
Protodioscin is a steroidal saponin compound found in a number of plant species, most notably in the Tribulus, TrigonellaDioscorea and Trillium families. It is best known as the putative active component of the herbal aphrodisiac plant Tribulus terrestris.
Ampelopsin, also known as dihydromyricetin and DHM, when purported as an effective ingredient in supplements and other tonics, is a flavanonol, a type of flavonoid. It is extracted from the Japanese raisin tree and found in Ampelopsis species japonica, megalophylla, and grossedentata; Cercidiphyllum japonicum; Hovenia dulcis; Rhododendron cinnabarinum; some Pinus species; and some Cedrus species, as well as in Salix sachalinensis.
Alistipes is a Gram-negative genus of rod-shaped anaerobic bacteria in the phylum Bacteroidota. When members of this genus colonize the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract, they provide protective effects against colitis, autism, and cirrhosis. However, this genus can also cause dysbiosis by contributing to anxiety, chronic fatigue syndrome, depression, and hypertension. Showcasing priority effects in microbiome assembly, when infant GI tracts have bacteria of the species Staphylococcus but not the species Faecalibacterium, Alistipes species become less capable of colonization.
Bakuchiol is a meroterpene in the class terpenophenol.
Lyngbya majuscula is a species of filamentous cyanobacteria in the genus Lyngbya. It is named after the Dane Hans Christian Lyngbye.
Thermococcus peptonophilus is a fast-growing hyperthermophilic archaeon. It is coccus-shaped, obligately anaerobic and about 0.7–2 μm in diameter. It is a strict anaerobe and grows exclusively on complex substrates, such as peptone, casein, tryptone, and yeast extract. It cannot use carbon dioxide as a source of carbon. Although it can grow somewhat in the absence of elemental sulfur, it prefers sulfur.
N-Feruloylserotonin an alkaloid and polyphenol found in safflower seed. Chemically, it is an amide formed between serotonin and ferulic acid. It has in vitro anti-atherogenic activity.
Streptomyces fabae is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from rhizosphere soil from the soybean from Gyeonggi Siheung Sorae in Korea. Streptomyces fabae has anti-microbiology activity.
Aeromicrobium is a Gram-positive, aerobic, non-spore-forming and non-motile bacterial genus from the family of Nocardioidaceae.
Chryseobacterium ginsengiterrae is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, aerobic and non-motile bacteria from the genus Chryseobacterium which has been isolated from soil from a ginseng field.
Salazinic acid is a depsidone with a lactone ring. It is found in some lichens, and is especially prevalent in Parmotrema and Bulbothrix, where its presence or absence is often used to help classify species in those genera.
Yersinia rochesterensis is a Gram-negative, motile, rod-shaped bacterium that forms circular colonies and was isolated from human feces. This potentially pathogenic species has been isolated in human stools in France and in the United States where it was characterized at the Mayo Clinic. A Y. rochesterensis strain, isolated from hare and initially identified as Yersinia kristensenii, was serotyped as O:12,25.
References
- 1 2 3 "Aquaphilus". www.uniprot.org.
- ↑ Martin, H; Laborel-Préneron, E; Fraysse, F; Nguyen, T; Schmitt, AM; Redoulès, D; Davrinche, C (November 2016). "Aquaphilus dolomiae extract counteracts the effects of cutaneous S. aureus secretome isolated from atopic children on CD4+ T cell activation". Pharmaceutical Biology. 54 (11): 2782–2785. doi: 10.3109/13880209.2016.1173069 . PMID 27180655.
- ↑ "Aquaphilus - Overview - Encyclopedia of Life". Encyclopedia of Life.
