| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
156 members of the Electoral College 79 votes needed to win | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
The Argentine presidential election of 1868 was held on 12 April to choose the president of Argentina. Domingo Sarmiento was elected.
Argentina, officially named the Argentine Republic, is a country located mostly in the southern half of South America. Sharing the bulk of the Southern Cone with Chile to the west, the country is also bordered by Bolivia and Paraguay to the north, Brazil to the northeast, Uruguay and the South Atlantic Ocean to the east, and the Drake Passage to the south. With a mainland area of 2,780,400 km2 (1,073,500 sq mi), Argentina is the eighth-largest country in the world, the fourth largest in the Americas, and the largest Spanish-speaking nation. The sovereign state is subdivided into twenty-three provinces and one autonomous city, Buenos Aires, which is the federal capital of the nation as decided by Congress. The provinces and the capital have their own constitutions, but exist under a federal system. Argentina claims sovereignty over part of Antarctica, the Falkland Islands, and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands.
Presiding over a prosperous economy overshadowed somewhat by the costly Paraguayan War, President Mitre was at pains to avoid risking the tenuous national unity his administration had secured. Though he hand-picked prospective candidates, Mitre avoided the appearance of direct support for any one figure, while limiting the field to those he considered acceptable. Electors from Buenos Aires Province favored Autonomist Party candidate Adolfo Alsina, who was instead persuaded by Mitre to run for the vice-presidency. The nomination was handed to the Ambassador to the United States, Domingo Sarmiento, who remained at his post and did not campaign. Mitre also supported former Unitarian Party leader Rufino de Elizalde and his running mate General Wenceslao Paunero, a key figure in Mitre's victory at the Battle of Pavón. These candidates were all preferred by the president over that year's dark horse, former President Justo José de Urquiza (whom Mitre attempted to dissuade from running for fear of the separatist conflict his presence might provoke). [1]
The Paraguayan War, also known as the War of the Triple Alliance and the Great War in Paraguay, was a South American war fought from 1864 to 1870, between Paraguay and the Triple Alliance of Argentina, the Empire of Brazil, and Uruguay. It was the deadliest and bloodiest inter-state war in Latin America's history. It particularly devastated Paraguay, which suffered catastrophic losses in population: almost 70% of its adult male population died, according to some counts, and it was forced to cede territory to Argentina and Brazil. According to some estimates, Paraguay's pre-war population of 525,000 was reduced to 221,000, of which only 28,000 were men.
Adolfo Alsina Maza was an Argentine lawyer and Unitarian politician, and one of the founders of the Partido Autonomista and the National Autonomist Party.
The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States or America, is a country composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions. At 3.8 million square miles, the United States is the world's third or fourth largest country by total area and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe's 3.9 million square miles. With a population of over 327 million people, the U.S. is the third most populous country. The capital is Washington, D.C., and the largest city by population is New York City. Forty-eight states and the capital's federal district are contiguous in North America between Canada and Mexico. The State of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east and across the Bering Strait from Russia to the west. The State of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U.S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea, stretching across nine official time zones. The extremely diverse geography, climate, and wildlife of the United States make it one of the world's 17 megadiverse countries.
These candidates were, with the exception of Sarmiento, contentious in many circles and provided the new system its first real test. The electoral college met on 12 April 1868, and selected Sarmiento by 79 out of 131 votes, making this the only closely contested race during this era. [2]
Argentine Republic | |
---|---|
Population | 1,688,000 |
Voters | 16,900 |
Turnout | 1% |
Presidential Candidates | Party | Electoral Votes |
---|---|---|
Domingo Sarmiento | Independent | 79 |
Justo José de Urquiza | Federal | 26 |
Rufino de Elizalde | Liberal Party | 22 |
Guillermo Rawson | Nacionalista | 3 |
Dalmacio Vélez Sarsfield | Unitarian | 1 |
Total voters | 131 | |
Did not vote | 25 | |
Total | 156 |
Vice Presidential Candidates | Party | Electoral Votes |
---|---|---|
Adolfo Alsina | Autonomist | 82 |
Wenceslao Paunero | Unitarian | 45 |
Manuel Anselmo Ocampo | — | 2 |
Juan Bautista Alberdi | — | 1 |
Francisco de las Carreras | — | 1 |
Total voters | 131 | |
Did not vote | 25 | |
Total | 156 |
Province | President | Vice President | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sarmiento | Urquiza | de Elizalde | Rawson | Vélez Sarsfield | Alsina | Paunero | Ocampo | Alberdi | de las Carreras | ||
Buenos Aires | 24 | 3 | 1 | 25 | 2 | 1 | |||||
Catamarca | 10 | 10 | |||||||||
Córdoba | 16 | 3 | 13 | ||||||||
Corrientes | Did not vote | Did not vote | |||||||||
Entre Ríos | 8 | 8 | |||||||||
Jujuy | 7 | 4 | 3 | ||||||||
La Rioja | 6 | 6 | |||||||||
Mendoza | 10 | 10 | |||||||||
Salta | 10 | 10 | |||||||||
San Juan | 8 | 8 | |||||||||
San Luis | 8 | 8 | |||||||||
Santa Fe | 8 | 7 | 1 | ||||||||
Santiago del Estero | 12 | 12 | |||||||||
Tucumán | The votes were not preserved | The votes were not preserved | |||||||||
Total | 79 | 26 | 22 | 3 | 1 | 82 | 45 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
The Argentine Confederation was the last predecessor state of modern Argentina; its name is still one of the official names of the country according to the Argentine Constitution, Article 35. It was the name of the country from 1831 to 1852, when the provinces were organized as a confederation without a head of state. The governor of Buenos Aires Province managed foreign relations during this time. Under his rule, the Argentine Confederation resisted attacks by Brazil, Bolivia, Uruguay, France and the UK, as well as other Argentine factions during the Argentine Civil Wars.
Domingo Faustino Sarmiento was an Argentine activist, intellectual, writer, statesman and the seventh President of Argentina. His writing spanned a wide range of genres and topics, from journalism to autobiography, to political philosophy and history. He was a member of a group of intellectuals, known as the Generation of 1837, who had a great influence on nineteenth-century Argentina. He was particularly concerned with educational issues and was also an important influence on the region's literature.
Bartolomé Mitre Martínez was an Argentine statesman, military figure, and author. He was the President of Argentina from 1862 to 1868.
Nicolás Remigio Aurelio Avellaneda Silva was an Argentine politician and journalist, and president of Argentina from 1874 to 1880. Avellaneda's main projects while in office were banking and education reform, leading to Argentina's economic growth. The most important events of his government were the Conquest of the Desert and the transformation of the City of Buenos Aires into a federal district.
Vicente Fidel López was an Argentine historian, lawyer and politician. He was a son of writer and politician Vicente López y Planes.
The Battle of Pavón was a key battle of the Argentine civil wars. It was fought in Pavón, Santa Fé Province, Argentina on 17 September 1861, between the Army of the State of Buenos Aires, commanded by Bartolomé Mitre, and the Army of Republic of the Argentine Confederation commanded by Justo José de Urquiza. The withdrawal of Urquiza left the field to Mitre.
The Domingo Faustino Sarmiento Railway (FCDFS), named after the former Argentine president, statesman, educator, and author Domingo Faustino Sarmiento, is one of the six state-owned Argentine railway divisions formed after President Juan Perón's nationalisation of the Argentine railway network in 1948. The six companies were managed by Ferrocarriles Argentinos which was later broken up during the process of railway privatisation beginning in 1991 during Carlos Menem's presidency.
Ricardo Ramón López Jordán (1822–1889) was an Argentine soldier and politician, one of the last influential "caudillos" in the history of Argentina. He thrice rebelled against the government of Buenos Aires and was defeated in each attempt.
Argentina held nine presidential elections between 1862 and 1910, every six years.
Salvador María del Carril was a prominent Argentine jurist and policy-maker, as well as his country's first Vice President
The Cañuelas Pact was an agreement signed on 24 June 1829 between generals Juan Lavalle and Juan Manuel de Rosas, with the aim of ending the civil war in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina, which had been going on since the revolution of December 1828.
Historia de San Martín y de la emancipación sudamericana is a biography of José de San Martín, written by Bartolomé Mitre in 1869. Along with his biography of Manuel Belgrano, it is one of the earliest major works of the historiography of Argentina.
Manuel José Gómez Rufino was an Argentine politician who was governor of San Juan Province, Argentina between 1857 and 1858 and again between 1873 and 1874.
Events in the year 1868 in Argentina.
Del Parque is a former train station in Buenos Aires, Argentina. It was the first railway station in the country, serving as terminus of Buenos Aires Western Railway. The station was located at the intersection of Cerrito and Tucumán streets.
The Argentine presidential election of 1862 was held on 4 September to choose the first president of Argentina. Bartolomé Mitre was elected president.
The Argentine presidential election of 1874 was held on 12 April to choose the president of Argentina. Nicolás Avellaneda was elected president.
The Argentine presidential election of 1880 was held on 12 April to choose the president of Argentina. Julio Argentino Roca was elected president.
The Argentine presidential election of 1898 was held on 10 April to choose the president of Argentina. Julio Argentino Roca was elected president for a second period.
The International Standard Book Number (ISBN) is a numeric commercial book identifier which is intended to be unique. Publishers purchase ISBNs from an affiliate of the International ISBN Agency.