Arms-length management organisation

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In the United Kingdom, an arms-length management organisation (ALMO) is a not-for-profit company that provides housing services on behalf of a local authority. Usually an ALMO is set up by the authority to manage and improve all or part of its housing stock. Ownership of the housing stock itself normally stays with the local authority. The work of an ALMO may touch and overlap with that of a tenant management organisation (TMO). [1]

Contents

Prevalence

By 2010, ALMOs managed more than half of all council housing - more than 1 million homes across 65 local authority areas. [2] This number has since reduced as local authorities have taken services back in-house or stock has been transferred. In 2016 there were 37 ALMOs, managing nearly a third of local authority housing, approximately half a million council and ALMO homes. [3] As of January 2024, further closures have reduced the number of ALMOs in England to 19, with 226,454 homes in management. The forthcoming closure of Newcastle-on-Tyne's ALMO will reduce these figures to 18 ALMOs and 198,813 homes. [4]

Ownership and oversight

ALMOs are owned by local authorities and operate under the terms of a management agreement between the authority and the organisation. An ALMO is managed by an (often unpaid) board of directors which includes tenants, local authority nominees, and independent members. At least a third of an ALMO board is normally made up of tenants.

Establishment of an ALMO separates the day to day housing management role of the landlord from the wider strategic housing role of the local authority. However, the local authority normally retains ownership of the housing and tenants remain secure tenants of the local authority. Ministers do not give consent to the establishment of a new ALMO without clear evidence that the council has consulted its tenants and leaseholders and can demonstrate a balance of support from them for the ALMO proposal. Unlike a stock transfer to a housing association, councils can transfer management of their housing to an ALMO without holding a ballot, although many councils undertake a ballot in any case.

ALMOs are inspected and rated by the Housing Inspectorate (which was part of the Audit Commission). The Communities and Local Government (CLG) offered additional resources towards the cost of achieving the Decent Homes Standard to councils via ALMOs that were assessed as 2* (good) or 3* (excellent) on inspection. All ALMOs are registered with the National Federation of ALMOs (NFA) which lists them on its website together with copies of inspection reports and the number of stars achieved upon inspection.

Tax status

An ALMO cannot benefit from the same tax exemptions as a local authority. As a result, after discussions with KPMG, HM Revenue & Customs have published guidance which states that provided certain conditions are met they will view activities between the ALMO and the local authority as a non-trading activity and so any profit arising will not be taxable. [5]

Criticisms

Since ALMOs are non-profit organisations which can receive extra funding dependent on performance, some[ who? ] say they are susceptible to cost cutting, including worse pay and conditions for staff compared to the private sector, leading in turn to high staff turnover.[ citation needed ] However, the only inevitable additional cost of an ALMO is for its governance arrangements, which are typically less than 1% of management costs.[ relevant? ]

Others, such as the campaigning group Defend Council Housing (DCH), have characterised ALMOs as a stepping stone to stock transfer (the transfer of council housing away from local authorities), in areas where this would have previously been politically unacceptable. [6]

Level of success

The National Federation of ALMOs stated that as at March 2008, 77% of tenants reported satisfaction with ALMO housing management. They also stated that 90% of ALMOs which have been inspected achieved a 2 or 3 star rating, therefore being eligible for extra funding. They also report significant efficiency savings and an enhanced timetable for reaching the Decent Homes Standard for much of the country's housing stock. [7]

In 2009 the government diverted money from ALMOs to building new homes. Councils that had promoted ALMOs in order to access the extra funding, and the tenants who had got involved, felt betrayed at the decision. [8]

A number of ALMOs are considering whether to proceed with the construction of new housing which would be owned and managed by the ALMO. The ability of ALMOs to undertake new build projects is considered by the Government to be a way for ALMOs to develop and be financially viable post 2010, i.e. after the Decent Homes target date.

List of ALMOs

As of May 2024, following ALMOs are registered with the NFA: [9]

ALMO nameNFA regionHousing stock
Barnet HomesLondon & Southern13,991
Berneslai HomesNorthern18,406
Blackpool Coastal HousingNorthern5,191
Cheltenham Borough HomesSouth West5,137
Colchester Borough Homes London & Southern7,068
Cornwall HousingSouth West11,248
Derby HomesMidlands12,668
Eastbourne HomesLondon & Southern4,006
Homes in SedgemoorSouth West4,136
Northamptonshire Partnership HomesMidlands12,492
Shropshire Towns and Rural HousingMidlands4,206
Solihull Community HousingMidlands11,566
South Essex HomesLondon & Southern6,670
South Tyneside HomesNorthern17,375
St Leger homes of DoncasterNorthern20,365
Stockport HomesNorthern12,590
Sutton Housing PartnershipLondon & Southern7,411
Wolverhampton Homes Midlands24,287
Your Homes Newcastle Northern27,641

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References

  1. ↑ "Local Authority, ALMO and TMO relationships: A good practice guide" (PDF). National Federation of Tenant Management Organisations. 2009.
  2. ↑ Robertson, Gene (7 May 2010). "Labour's legacy". Inside Housing.
  3. ↑ "ALMOs - National Federation of ALMOs". www.almos.org.uk. Archived from the original on 2009-09-14.
  4. ↑ Delahunty, Stephen (5 January 2024). "North East ALMO closed by council makes two senior board appointments". Inside Housing. Retrieved 2024-01-13.
  5. ↑ "BIM58210 - Grant aided bodies: arms length management organisations (ALMOs) - HMRC internal manual - GOV.UK". www.gov.uk. Retrieved 2024-05-09.
  6. ↑ Arguments against going ALMO Archived April 10, 2008, at the Wayback Machine , DCH
  7. ↑ "Key facts about ALMOs". almos.org.uk. 18 Jul 2008. Archived from the original on 2008-10-06.
  8. ↑ Decent homes target 'impossible', BBC, 4 October 2009
  9. ↑ "Our members". NFA National Federation of ALMOs. Retrieved 9 May 2024.
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