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Gaius Plinius Secundus, called Pliny the Elder, was a Roman author, naturalist, natural philosopher, and naval and army commander of the early Roman Empire, and a friend of the emperor Vespasian. He wrote the encyclopedic Naturalis Historia, which became an editorial model for encyclopedias. He spent most of his spare time studying, writing, and investigating natural and geographic phenomena in the field.
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Arria was a woman in ancient Rome. Her husband, Caecina Paetus, was ordered by the emperor Claudius to commit suicide for his part in a rebellion but was not capable of forcing himself to do so. Arria wrenched the dagger from him and stabbed herself, then returned it to her husband, telling him that it didn't hurt. Her story was recorded in the letters of Pliny the Younger, who obtained his information from Arria's granddaughter, Fannia.
Asclepiades, sometimes called Asclepiades of Bithynia or Asclepiades of Prusa, was a Greek physician born at Prusias-on-Sea in Bithynia in Anatolia and who flourished at Rome, where he practised and taught Greek medicine. He attempted to build a new theory of disease, based on the flow of atoms through pores in the body. His treatments sought to restore harmony through the use of diet, exercise, and bathing.
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Grape syrup is a condiment made with concentrated grape juice. It is thick and sweet because of its high ratio of sugar to water. Grape syrup is made by boiling grapes, removing their skins, squeezing them through a sieve to extract the juice. Like other fruit syrups, a common use of grape syrup is as a topping to sweet cakes, such as pancakes or waffles.
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Gaius Catellius Celer was a Roman senator who flourished during the Flavian dynasty. He served as suffect consul for the nundinium September-October 77 with Marcus Arruntius Aquila as his colleague.
Marcus Arruntius Aquila was a Roman senator who flourished during the Principate. He held the office of suffect consul in 66 with Marcus Vettius Bolanus as his colleague. His name in the Acta Arvalia is missing the cognomen, which Giuseppe Camodeca reconstructed from an unpublished wax tablet from Herculeium.
Archagathus, a Peloponnesian, the son of Lysanias, who settled at Rome as a practitioner of medicine around 219 BCE, and, according to Lucius Cassius Hemina, was the first person who made it a distinct profession in that city. He was received in the first instance with great respect, he was accorded the Jus Quiritium – that is, the privileges of a free native of Rome – and a shop was bought for him at the public expense; but his practice was observed to be so severe, that he soon excited the dislike of the people at large and produced a complete disgust to the profession generally. In return for the favors he received from the Romans, he purged, bled, hacked, and cauterized them to such a degree, that at length they refused to tolerate such rough treatment any longer, and the commonwealth was purged of Archagathus himself.
Crinas (Crinias) of Marseilles was a 1st-century physician from Massilia (Marseilles), contemporary of the Emperor Nero. He practiced medicine in Massilia, having mathematical and astrological knowledge. What we know about him comes from a few lines of Pliny the Elder in his Natural History, book XXIX, 5 (9).
References
- ↑ Pliny the Elder, Natural History 29.5)
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain : Greenhill, William Alexander (1870). "Arruntius". In Smith, William (ed.). Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology . Vol. 1. p. 353.