Arthur Everard | |
---|---|
7th Chief Censor of New Zealand | |
In office 1984–1990 [1] | |
Preceded by | Bernard Tunnicliffe |
Succeeded by | Jane Wrightson |
Personal details | |
Born | 1935 (age 86–87) |
Alma mater | Victoria University of Wellington |
Arthur Everard (born 1935) is a filmmaker and journalist who served as the seventh Chief Censor of New Zealand.
Everard graduated with a BA in psychology from Victoria University of Wellington and worked for 19 years as a writer,editor and director at the National Film Unit. [1] He directed films such as Margan’s Musical Move (1971) in which he captured the drama of classical music by filming tanks firing shells,and with John King,Sam Pillsbury and Paul Maunder,Games ‘74,a documentary about the 1974 Commonwealth Games held in Christchurch. His film Score,which set slow-motion footage of French rugby players to the music of Tchaikovsky,won a jury prize at the Montreal Film Festival. [1]
Everard was appointed New Zealand’s seventh Chief Censor in February 1984. In an interview with Gordon Campbell published in the New Zealand Listener later that year,Everard explained that he did not think that the Chief Censor should be a defender of public morals or a defender of civil liberties. Instead he should be a referee “between a part of the public that wants to inflict its tastes and norms onto another section of the public. Other sections of the public want to inflict their desires and wishes onto the movie industry. Sections of the movie industry are wanting to exploit various sections of the public to get the money out of their back pockets. . . . And you’re sitting in the middle,trying to keep the peace.” [2]
After passing the film I Spit on Your Grave in 1984,Everard’s tenure as Chief Censor was marked by attacks from Women Against Pornography and the Society for the Promotion of Community Standards ( the conservative Christian lobby group headed by Patricia Bartlett ),both of which campaigned for his removal. Women Against Pornography in particular called for “his resignation and the establishment of an independent tribunal of women to replace him.” [3] Eventually,Parliament passed the Films Amendment Act in 1990 to impose a limit of six consecutive years on the length of time a person could remain Chief Censor,effectively forcing Everard from office in 1991. This provision remained in legislation describing the tenure and functions of the Chief Censor until it was repealed by the Films,Videos and Publications Amendment Act on 24 March 1999 while Bill Hastings was Acting Chief Censor.
Everard resumed making films after stepping down as Chief Censor,notably Gottfried Lindauer in New Zealand,about the nineteenth century painter of Maori portraits,and with Bronwen Stewart and Brian Lennane,To live in the city 24 years on,a 1991 documentary that traced the progress of four adults who were featured in a 1967 film about a Maori Affairs Department pre-employment scheme for young rural Maori. He also wrote record reviews for newspapers and the New Zealand Listener and is currently the science and technology correspondent for a wine and spirits industry publication.
Arthur Everard was succeeded as Chief Censor by Jane Wrightson.
The Office of Film and Literature Classification is an independent Crown entity established under Films,Videos,and Publications Classification Act 1993 responsible for censorship and classification of publications in New Zealand. A "publication" is defined broadly to be any thing that shows an image,representation,sign,statement,or word. This includes films,video games,books,magazines,CDs,T-shirts,street signs,jigsaw puzzles,drink cans,and slogans on campervans. The Chief Censor,David Shanks,is the chair of the OFLC.
The Society for Promotion of Community Standards Inc. ("SPCS") is a conservative lobby group in New Zealand. A registered charity and incorporated society,the Society has taken a strong pro-censorship stance and clashed many times with the Office of Film and Literature Classification. They have also advocated socially conservative positions on issues such as abortion,euthanasia and same-sex marriage.
Women Against Pornography (WAP) was a radical feminist activist group based out of New York City that was influential in the anti-pornography movement of the late 1970s and the 1980s.
Te Ururoa James William Ben Flavell,also known as Hemi Flavell,is a New Zealand politician who was a co-leader of the Māori Party from 2013 until 2018 and represented the Waiariki electorate for the party in Parliament from 2005–2017.
Gordon Holden Mirams was the fourth Chief Censor of New Zealand. He was the son of Leslie Haywood Mirams and Mary Elvire Webb. He married Ruth Taylor in Christchurch on 23 November 1932. They had three daughters and one son.
Walter Alfred Tanner was New Zealand's second Chief Censor of Films from 1927 to 1938. He was born in Northampton,England,the son of William Tanner,Member of Parliament for the Heathcote and Avon electorates in Christchurch,and Emily E. Browett. He married Laura Matilda Maude Torckler in 1907. They had one son and one daughter. He died in Wellington aged 79.
Censorship in New Zealand has been present since around 1850 and is currently managed by the Office of Film and Literature Classification under the Films,Videos,and Publications Classification Act 1993.
The 1946 New Year Honours in New Zealand were appointments by King George VI on the advice of the New Zealand government to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by New Zealanders,and to celebrate the passing of 1945 and the beginning of 1946. They were announced on 1 January 1946.
The 1947 New Year Honours in New Zealand were appointments by King George VI on the advice of the New Zealand government to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by New Zealanders,and to celebrate the passing of 1946 and the beginning of 1947. They were announced on 1 January 1947.
The 1951 New Year Honours in New Zealand were appointments by King George VI on the advice of the New Zealand government to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by New Zealanders. The awards celebrated the passing of 1950 and the beginning of 1951,and were announced on 1 January 1951.
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The 1978 New Year Honours in New Zealand were appointments by Elizabeth II on the advice of the New Zealand government to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by New Zealanders. The awards celebrated the passing of 1977 and the beginning of 1978,and were announced on 31 December 1977.
The 1957 Queen's Birthday Honours in New Zealand,celebrating the official birthday of Elizabeth II,were appointments made by the Queen on the advice of the New Zealand government to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by New Zealanders. They were announced on 13 June 1957.
The 1999 Queen's Birthday Honours in New Zealand,celebrating the official birthday of Queen Elizabeth II,were appointments made by the Queen in her right as Queen of New Zealand,on the advice of the New Zealand government,to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by New Zealanders. They were announced on 7 June 1999.
The 1985 Queen's Birthday Honours in New Zealand,celebrating the official birthday of Elizabeth II,were appointments made by the Queen in her right as Queen of New Zealand,on the advice of the New Zealand government,to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by New Zealanders. They were announced on 15 June 1985.
The 1975 Queen's Birthday Honours in New Zealand,celebrating the official birthday of Elizabeth II,were appointments made by the Queen on the advice of the New Zealand government to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by New Zealanders. They were announced on 14 June 1975.
The 1984 New Year Honours in New Zealand were appointments by Elizabeth II on the advice of the New Zealand government to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by New Zealanders. The awards celebrated the passing of 1983 and the beginning of 1984,and were announced on 31 December 1983.