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Anesthesiology is the medical specialty concerned with the total perioperative care of patients before, during and after surgery. It encompasses anesthesia, intensive care medicine, critical emergency medicine, and pain medicine. A physician specialized in anesthesiology is called an anesthesiologist. There are different ways of referring to the field of anesthesiology and physicians who specialize in it depending on the region of the world.
A transesophageal echocardiogram, or TEE, is an alternative way to perform an echocardiogram. A specialized probe containing an ultrasound transducer at its tip is passed into the patient's esophagus. This allows image and Doppler evaluation which can be recorded. It is commonly used during cardiac surgery and is an excellent modality for assessing the aorta, although there are some limitations.
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), is an inflammatory state affecting the whole body. It is the body's response to an infectious or noninfectious insult. Although the definition of SIRS refers to it as an "inflammatory" response, it actually has pro- and anti-inflammatory components.
The American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) is an educational, research and scientific association of physicians organized to raise the standards of the medical practice of anesthesiology and to improve patient care.
Intraoperative blood salvage (IOS), also known as cell salvage, is a specific type of autologous blood transfusion. Specifically IOS is a medical procedure involving recovering blood lost during surgery and re-infusing it into the patient. It is a major form of autotransfusion.
The ASA physical status classification system is a system for assessing the fitness of patients before surgery. In 1963 the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) adopted the five-category physical status classification system; a sixth category was later added. These are:
- Healthy person.
- Mild systemic disease.
- Severe systemic disease.
- Severe systemic disease that is a constant threat to life.
- A moribund person who is not expected to survive without the operation.
- A declared brain-dead person whose organs are being removed for donor purposes.
In the United States, anesthesia can be administered by physician anesthesiologists, an anesthesiologist assistant, or nurse anesthetist.
Edward D. Miller Jr. was the Frances Watt Baker, M.D. and Lenox D. Baker Jr., M.D. Dean of the Medical Faculty at Johns Hopkins University and the Chief Executive Officer of Johns Hopkins Medicine from 1997 to 2012.
Cardiothoracic anesthesiology is a subspeciality of the medical practice of anesthesiology, devoted to the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative care of adult and pediatric patients undergoing cardiothoracic surgery and related invasive procedures.
David L. Reich is an American academic anesthesiologist, who has been President & Chief Operating Officer of The Mount Sinai Hospital, and President of Mount Sinai Queens, since October 2013.
The Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM) is the largest non-profit medical organization in the practice of critical care. SCCM was established in 1970 and is an independently incorporated, international, educational and scientific society based in the United States. Its members are multi-professional health professionals providing care to critically ill and injured patients, and SCCM is the only organization that represents all professional components of the critical care team. The Society supports research and education, and advocates on issues related to critical care.
Geriatric anesthesia is the branch of medicine that studies anesthesia approach in elderly.
Patient Blood Management (PBM), also called blood utilization management (BUM), is a multidisciplinary, evidence-based approach to optimizing the care of patients who might need a blood transfusion. Blood management programs aim to minimize inappropriate transfusions and decrease the need for transfusions overall, with the goal of improving patient safety and reducing costs. Some strategies to accomplish this include ensuring that anemia is treated prior to a surgical operation, using surgical techniques that limit blood loss, and returning blood lost during surgery to the patient via intraoperative blood salvage.
In the United States, certified anesthesiologist assistants (CAAs) are master's degree prepared clinicians that practice medicine under the direction of licensed anesthesiologists to implement anesthesia care plans for a patient undergoing surgery. CAAs are integral members of the anesthesia care team as described by the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA). All CAAs possess a baccalaureate degree, and complete an intensive didactic and clinical program at a postgraduate level. CAAs are trained in the delivery and maintenance of all types of anesthesia care as well as advanced patient monitoring techniques only under the direction of a physician anesthesiologist. The goal of CAA education is to guide the transformation of student applicants into competent clinicians who aspire to practice in the anesthesia care team.
The American Osteopathic Board of Anesthesiology (AOBA) is an organization that provides board certification to qualified Doctors of Osteopathic Medicine (D.O.) who specialize in the administration of anesthetic agents and perioperative medicine (anesthesiologists). The board is one 16 medical specialty certifying boards of the American Osteopathic Association Bureau of Osteopathic Specialists approved by the American Osteopathic Association (AOA), and was established in 1956. As of October 2019, 720 osteopathic anesthesiologists held active certification with the AOBA. Currently 85 Diplomates have subspecialty certification in Pain Management, 13 in Critical Care Medicine, and 20 in Pediatric Anesthesiology.
Laxmaiah Manchikanti is an Indian American physician and anesthesiologist specializing in interventional pain management, professor, philanthropist, and author. He is the founder of the American Society of Interventional Pain Physicians (ASIPP), the Society of Interventional Pain Management Surgery Centers (SIPMS), the Pain Physician, and the Pain MedicineCase Reports medical journals. He has been credited with advancing the evolution and development of interventional pain management as a specialty. Interventional pain management was recognized as a specialty in 2002 by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. In March, 2005 interventional pain management was provided with mandatory representation on the Medicare Carrier Advisory Committee. Manchikanti has served as clinical professor of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine at the University of Louisville School of Medicine since 2012 and professor of Anesthesiology-Research at the Louisiana State University School of Medicine, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans and Shreveport, LA, since 2017. He has served as chairman of the board and chief executive officer of ASIPP since 1998. He has been Medical Director of the Pain Management Centers of Paducah, Kentucky and Marion, Illinois and the Ambulatory Surgery Center in Paducah, Kentucky since 1992. He co-founded a multistate national company, Pain Management Centers of America (PMCOA), in 2019 with Mahendra Sanapati, MD.
Patricia A. Ford is an American physician, oncologist, hematologist and Director for the Center of Bloodless Medicine at Pennsylvania Hospital in Philadelphia. She is widely considered the pioneer for bloodless surgery and medicine. In 1995, she performed the first bloodless stem cell transplant.
John Adriani was an American anesthesiologist and director of anesthesiology at Charity Hospital in New Orleans. He was president of the American Board of Anesthesiology (ABA) and he received a Distinguished Service Award from the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA). He was an early supporter of physician involvement in nurse anesthetist training.
Jerrold H. Levy is an American critical care physician and cardiac anesthesiologist at Duke University Medical Center who currently serves as the Co-Director of Duke's Cardiothoracic Intensive Care Unit. He is most noted for his research in surgical hemostasis, coagulopathy in the critically ill, shock, anaphylaxis, and developing purified and recombinant therapeutic approaches to treat bleeding. He has authored over 400 publications, including scientific manuscripts, review articles, editorials, books, and book chapters. His research manuscripts are available on PubMed. Additionally, he has authored a number of websites aimed at providing medical information to healthcare professionals through his website, DocMD.
C. William Hanson, III is an American internist, anesthesiologist and intensivist as well as an academic, author and researcher. He is a Professor of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Surgery and Internal Medicine at the Hospital of University of Pennsylvania and Professor of Computer and Information Science in the School of Engineering and Applied Science at the University of Pennsylvania. He is also the Chief Medical Information Officer of the University of Pennsylvania Health System.
References
- ↑ "Heroes of Medicine: Bloodless Surgery" , feature in TIME magazine
- ↑ American College of Critical Care Medicine Archived October 20, 2009, at the Wayback Machine , SCCM
- ↑ American College of Chest Physicians
- ↑ Society for the Advancement of Blood Management, SABM
- ↑ American Society of Critical Care Anesthesiologists, ASCCA
- ↑ AABB
- ↑ American Society of Anesthesiologists, ASA
- ↑ Society of Critical Care Medicine, SCCM
- ↑ National Anemia Action Council Archived June 13, 2008, at the Wayback Machine , NAAC
