Asgard (crater)

Last updated
Asgard
Callisto Asgard PIA00562.jpg
In this Galileo image, Asgard is centered in the pale region, just to the upper right of the image center, with surrounding concentric rings. Utgard is a smaller multi-ring structure superposed on the northern part of Asgard. The bright features are more recent impact craters, including Burr near the top, Tornarsuk at right, Njord below Tornarsuk, and Omolʹ above Tornarsuk to the right of Burr
LocationCallisto
Coordinates 32°12′N139°54′E / 32.20°N 139.90°E / 32.20; 139.90
Diameter1,400 km (870 mi) [1]
Eponym Asgard
Textured terrain in Callisto's Asgard basin Callisto terrain.jpg
Textured terrain in Callisto's Asgard basin

Asgard is the second largest multi-ringed basin (large impact crater) on Jupiter's moon Callisto. [2] It is named after Asgard, the realm of the gods in Norse mythology. The central part of Asgard is dominated by the domed Doh impact crater.

A smaller multi-ring structure is superposed on the northern part of Asgard. It is called Utgard (also from Norse mythology) and measures around 600 km (370 mi) in diameter. [2] Utgard is the fourth largest multi-ring feature on Callisto. A substantial part of the central region of Utgard is covered with deposits from the relatively young Burr crater.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Impact crater</span> Circular depression in a solid astronomical body formed by the impact of a smaller object

An impact crater is a depression in the surface of a solid astronomical body formed by the hypervelocity impact of a smaller object. In contrast to volcanic craters, which result from explosion or internal collapse, impact craters typically have raised rims and floors that are lower in elevation than the surrounding terrain. Impact craters are typically circular, though they can be elliptical in shape or even irregular due to events such as landslides. Impact craters range in size from microscopic craters seen on lunar rocks returned by the Apollo Program to simple bowl-shaped depressions and vast, complex, multi-ringed impact basins. Meteor Crater is a well-known example of a small impact crater on Earth.

In Norse mythology, Útgarðar surrounded a stronghold of the jötnar. They are associated with Útgarða-Loki, a great and devious jotunn featured in one of the myths concerning Thor and the other Loki who competed in rigged competitions held in the Outyards. These outdoor arenas contrasted with the putrid, indoor cave where Útgarða-Loki is said to have dwelt, when chained, in the Gesta Danorum.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Callisto (moon)</span> Second-largest moon of Jupiter

Callisto, or Jupiter IV, is the second-largest moon of Jupiter, after Ganymede. In the Solar System it is the third-largest moon after Ganymede and Saturn's largest moon Titan, and nearly as large as the smallest planet Mercury. Callisto is, with a diameter of 4,821 km, roughly a third larger than Earth's Moon and orbits Jupiter on average at a distance of 1,883,000 km, which is about six times further out than the Moon orbiting Earth. It is the outermost of the four large Galilean moons of Jupiter, which were discovered in 1610 with one of the first telescopes, being visible from Earth with common binoculars.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rhea (moon)</span> Moon of Saturn

Rhea is the second-largest moon of Saturn and the ninth-largest moon in the Solar System, with a surface area that is comparable to the area of Australia. It is the smallest body in the Solar System for which precise measurements have confirmed a shape consistent with hydrostatic equilibrium. Rhea has a nearly circular orbit around Saturn, but it is also tidally locked, like Saturn's other major moons; that is, it rotates with the same period it revolves (orbits), so one hemisphere always faces towards the planet.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tindr (crater)</span> Crater on Callisto

Tindr is a crater on Jupiter's moon Callisto. It is named after one of the ancestors of Ottar in Norse mythology. This is an example of a central pit impact crater.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hár (crater)</span> Crater on Jupiters moon Callisto

Hár is a crater on Jupiter's moon Callisto. Its name is one of the many names of Odin, the supreme god in Norse mythology. This is an example of a central dome impact crater.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Valhalla (crater)</span> Large multi-ring impact crater on Jupiters moon Callisto

Located on Jupiter's moon Callisto, Valhalla is the largest multi-ring impact crater in the Solar System. It is named after Valhalla, the hall where warriors are taken after death in Norse mythology.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Crater chain</span> Line of craters along the surface of an astronomical body

A crater chain is a line of craters along the surface of an astronomical body. The descriptor term for crater chains is catena, plural catenae, as specified by the International Astronomical Union's rules on planetary nomenclature.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Impact structure</span> Geologic structure formed from impact on a planetary surface

An impact structure is a generally circular or craterlike geologic structure of deformed bedrock or sediment produced by impact on a planetary surface, whatever the stage of erosion of the structure. In contrast, an impact crater is the surface expression of an impact structure. In many cases, on Earth, the impact crater has been destroyed by erosion, leaving only the deformed rock or sediment of the impact structure behind. This is the fate of almost all old impact craters on Earth, unlike the ancient pristine craters preserved on the Moon and other geologically inactive rocky bodies with old surfaces in the Solar System. Impact structure is synonymous with the less commonly used term astrobleme meaning "star wound".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Adlinda (crater)</span> Crater on Callisto

Adlinda is the third-largest multiring structure on Jupiter's moon Callisto, measuring ~ 1000 km in diameter. It is situated in the southern hemisphere of Callisto. The name is taken from Inuit mythology.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gomul Catena</span> Chain of craters on Callisto

Gomul Catena is a chain of craters on Jupiter's moon, Callisto. It is situated in the northern part of Valhalla multi-ring structure. The craters in the catena seem to have formed from east to west. Such features are thought to originate as secondary craters or due to fragmentation of the impactor.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Arcas (crater)</span> Crater on Callisto

Arcas is a crater on Jupiter's moon Callisto measuring 60 km (37 mi) across. It is an example of a central pit impact crater. A smaller crater near Arcas is called Ginandi. The crater is named after Arcas, the son of Callisto in Greek mythology.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lofn (crater)</span> Crater on Callisto

Lofn is a large and relatively young impact crater on Jupiter's Galilean satellite Callisto. It was identified in 1997 and named after the goddess of marriage in Norse mythology. Located near the south pole of this moon, Lofn is classified as a flat floored or anomalous dome impact crater. It is superimposed on Adlinda multilayer structure obscuring about 30 percent of it. Another multi-ring structure—Heimdall is found to the south-west of Lofn.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Complex crater</span> Large impact craters with uplifted centres

Complex craters are a type of large impact crater morphology. Complex craters are classified into two groups: central-peak craters and peak-ring craters. Peak-ring craters have diameters that are larger in than central-peak craters and have a ring of raised massifs which are roughly half the rim-to-rim diameter, instead of a central peak.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Menrva (crater)</span> Largest crater on Titan

Menrva is the largest crater on Titan, with a diameter of 392 kilometers. The crater is a heavily eroded double ringed impact basin, similar to the impact related features of Mars and Mercury. This is evident by Menrva's distinct lack of a central peak, indicating modification of the crater's surface since formation. It has been estimated that Menrva is approximately 2.8 kilometers deep.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Multi-ringed basin</span> Crater containing multiple concentric topographic rings

A multi-ringed basin is not a simple bowl-shaped crater, or a peak ring crater, but one containing multiple concentric topographic rings; a multi-ringed basin could be described as a massive impact crater, surrounded by circular chains of mountains resembling rings on a bull's-eye. A multi-ringed basin may have an area of many thousands of square kilometres.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Heimdall (Callistoan crater)</span>

Heimdall is one of the largest known impact craters on Jupiter's Galilean satellite Callisto, with a diameter of 210 km. It is located near the Callistoan south pole at 63.5°S 3°E. It was firstly suspected on Voyager images, and later confirmed by Galileo.

References

  1. Asgard, Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature, International Astronomical Union (IAU) Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature (WGPSN), accessed 13 November 2022
  2. 1 2 Greeley, R.; Klemaszewski, J. E.; Wagner, L.; et al. (2000). "Galileo views of the geology of Callisto". Planetary and Space Science. 48 (9): 829–853. Bibcode:2000P&SS...48..829G. doi:10.1016/S0032-0633(00)00050-7.