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The Rajya Sabha,constitutionally the Council of States,is the upper house of the bicameral Parliament of India. As of 2021 it has a maximum membership of 245,of which 233 are elected by the legislatures of the states and union territories using single transferable votes through open ballots,while the president can appoint 12 members for their contributions to art,literature,science,and social services. The potential seating capacity of the Rajya Sabha is 245,according to article 80 of the Indian Constitution. Members sit for staggered terms lasting six years,with about a third of the 238 designates up for election every two years,in even-numbered years. The Rajya Sabha meets in continuous sessions,and unlike the Lok Sabha,being the lower house of the Parliament,the Rajya Sabha is not subjected to dissolution. However,the Rajya Sabha,like the Lok Sabha,can be prorogued by the president.
The Lok Sabha,constitutionally the House of the People,is the lower house of India's bicameral Parliament,with the upper house being the Rajya Sabha. Members of the Lok Sabha are elected by an adult universal suffrage and a first-past-the-post system to represent their respective constituencies,and they hold their seats for five years or until the body is dissolved by the President on the advice of the council of ministers. The house meets in the Lok Sabha Chambers of the Sansad Bhavan,New Delhi.
The Parliament of India is the supreme legislative body of the Republic of India. It is a bicameral legislature composed of the president of India and two houses:the Rajya Sabha and the Lok Sabha. The president in his role as head of the legislature has full powers to summon and prorogue either house of Parliament or to dissolve the Lok Sabha. The president can exercise these powers only upon the advice of the prime minister and his Union Council of Ministers.
The Government of India,or simply the Centre,is the national administrative authority of the Republic of India,a federal democracy located in South Asia,consisting of 28 union states and eight union territories. Under the Constitution,there are three primary branches of government:the legislative (Parliament),the executive and the judiciary. The president of the republic is the nominal head of the executive branch however the prime minister is the de facto chief executive.
The 14th Lok Sabha was convened after the 2004 Indian general election held in four phases during 20 April –10 May 2004,which led to the formation of first Manmohan Singh ministry (2004–2009). Indian National Congress-led United Progressive Alliance won 62 more seats than previous 13th Lok Sabha. The Lok Sabha is the lower house in the Parliament of India. 8 sitting members from Rajya Sabha,the Upper House of Indian Parliament,were elected to 14th Lok Sabha after the 2004 Indian general election.
The 13th Lok Sabha is the thirteenth session of the Lok Sabha. It was convened after 1999 Indian general election held during September–October 1999.
This is the list of members of the 12th Lok Sabha,after the 1998 Indian general election held during February–March 1998. This was the second consecutive Lok Sabha,like the 11th Lok Sabha elections that did not provide the country with a stable government. Atal Bihari Vajpayee became the 16th Prime Minister of India but the government lasted for only about thirteen months due to no clear mandate. Also,the party was not able to get support from other parties,after the withdrawal of support by AIADMK. After his resignation,then President K. R. Narayanan asked Sonia Gandhi,the leader of the opposition in the Lok Sabha to form the government;however,Gandhi responded that the UPA would not be able to form a government at the center,following which President Narayanan dissolved the House. The next General elections of 1999 for 13th Lok Sabha provided India a stable government that lasted for full five years. Nine sitting members from Rajya Sabha,the Upper House of Indian Parliament,were elected to 12th Lok Sabha after the 1998 Indian general election.
General elections were held in India in April–May 1996 to elect the members of the 11th Lok Sabha. The result of the election was a hung parliament,which would see three Prime Ministers in two years and force the country back to the polls in 1998. Atal Bihari Vajpayee of Bharatiya Janata Party,the single largest party to win this election,winning 67 more seats than previous 10th Lok Sabha,formed the government which lasted for only 13 days.
List of Members of the 10th Lok Sabha,elected during 1991 Indian general election held during May–June 1991. The Lok Sabha is the lower house in the Parliament of India,four sitting members from Rajya Sabha,the Upper House of Indian Parliament,were elected to 10th Lok Sabha after the Indian general election,1991.
Ashokrao Shankarrao Chavan is an Indian politician from Maharashtra. He is one of the most influential leaders of Indian National Congress in Maharashtra. He has served as the Chief Minister of Maharashtra state from 8 December 2008 to 9 November 2010. Also,he has served as Minister for Cultural Affairs,Industries,Mines and Protocol in the Vilasrao Deshmukh government and he is also the former PWD Minister of Maharashtra.
Shivajirao Shankarao Deshmukh was a Member of Parliament from Parbhani in Maharashtra,India. He served during the 3rd,4th and 5th Lok Sabha and was elected as an Indian National Congress candidate.
Although a parliamentary democracy,Indian politics has increasing become dynastic,possibly due to the absence of a party organization,independent civil society associations that mobilize support for the party,and centralized financing of elections. Family members have also led the Congress party for most of the period since 1978 when Indira Gandhi floated the then Congress(I) faction of the party. It also is fairly common also in many political parties in Maharashtra. The dynastic phenomenon is seen from national level down to district level and even village level.The three-tier structure of Panchayati Raj created in the 1960s also helped to create and consolidate this phenomenon in rural areas. Apart from government,political families also control cooperative institutions,mainly cooperative sugar factories and district cooperative banks in the state. The ruling Bharatiya Janata Party also features several senior leaders who are dynasts. In Maharashtra,the NCP has particularly high level of dynasticism.
Sandipan Bhagwan Thorat was an Indian National Congress politician who was elected to the Lower House of Indian Parliament the Lok Sabha from Pandharpur,Maharashtra in 1977,1980,1984,1989,1991,1996 and 1998.
Suresh Ramrao Jadhav is an Indian politician. He was elected to the Lok Sabha,lower house of the Parliament of India from Parbhani,Maharashtra as a member of the Shiv Sena.
Louis Islary is an Indian politician. He was elected to the Lok Sabha,lower house of the Parliament of India from the Kokrajhar of Assam as an Independent.
Raj Narain Passi is an Indian politician. He was elected to the Lok Sabha,lower house of the Parliament of India from Bansgaon,Uttar Pradesh as a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party.
Prabhu Dayal Himatsingka was an Indian politician. He was elected to the Lok Sabha,the lower house of the Parliament of India,from Godda,Bihar as a member of the Indian National Congress.
Valmiki Choudhary was an Indian politician. He was elected to the Lok Sabha,the lower house of the Parliament of India from the Hajipur in Bihar as a member of the Indian National Congress.
Sudam Deshmukh was an Indian politician. He was elected to the Lok Sabha,the lower house of the Parliament of India as a member of the Communist Party of India.
The Secretary General of the Rajya Sabha is the administrative head of the Rajya Sabha Secretariat. The secretary general is appointed by the Chairman of Rajya Sabha. In Indian order of precedence,the post of secretary general is of the rank of Cabinet Secretary,who is the senior most bureaucrat in the Government of India.
References
- ↑ "Lok Sabha Bioprofile Ashokrao Deshmukh". Lok Sabha. Archived from the original on 3 August 2016. Retrieved 10 June 2016.
- ↑ The Journal of Parliamentary Information. Lok Sabha Secretariat. 1992. p. 222. Retrieved 10 June 2016.
- ↑ G. C. Malhotra; India. Parliament. Lok Sabha. Secretariat (2005). Anti-defection law in India and the Commonwealth. [Published for] Lok Sabha Secretariat [by] Metropolitan Book Co. p. 169. ISBN 978-81-200-0406-1 . Retrieved 10 June 2016.