The Association of National Minorities in Germany (German : Verband der nationalen Minderheiten in Deutschland) was an umbrella organization and pressure group created in 1924 at the initiative of the Union of Poles in Germany which aimed at representing the interests of the Polish, Danish, Sorbian, Frisian and Lithuanian minorities in the German Weimar Republic. It was dissolved by the Nazi regime in 1939. [1] [2]
In the Prussian Landtag, the Polish List had already got two mandates at the 1922 elections, Johann Baczewski and Josef Wajda (who died in 1923 and was replaced by Stanislaus Graf von Sierakowski). At the following 1925 elections, the Polish List was supported by the Association of National Minorities but it did not get more seats, Johann Baczewski was reelected and Ceslau Klimas also made his entry to the Landtag. [3]
The Sorb Jan Skala, a founding member of the Lausitzer Volkspartei in 1919 and since 1925 an employee of the Union of Poles in Germany, was the editor in chief of the Association of National Minorities' magazine, Kulturwille (1925-1926), later renamed Kulturwehr till its closure by the Nazi regime in 1936. [4]
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Union of Poles in Germany is an organisation of the Polish minority in Germany, founded in 1922. In 1924, the union initiated collaboration between other minorities, including Sorbs, Danes, Frisians and Lithuanians, under the umbrella organization Association of National Minorities in Germany. From 1939 until 1945 the Union was outlawed in Nazi Germany. After 1945 it had lost some of its influence; in 1950 the Union of Poles in Germany split into two organizations: the Union of Poles in Germany, which refused to recognize the communist Polish government of the Polish United Workers' Party, and the Union of Poles "Zgoda" (Unity), which recognized the new communist government in Warsaw and had contacts with it. The split was healed in 1991. The organization is a member of the Federal Union of European Nationalities.
Otto Lebrecht Eduard Daniel Meissner was head of the Office of the President of Germany from 1920 to 1945 during nearly the entire period of the Weimar Republic under Friedrich Ebert and Paul von Hindenburg and, finally, under the Nazi government under Adolf Hitler.
Agnes Miegel was a German author, journalist and poet. She is best known for her poems and short stories about East Prussia, but also for the support she gave to the Nazi Party.
Eugen Anton Bolz was a German politician and a member of the resistance to the Germany's Nazi regime.
Emil Carlebach was a German Landtag member, writer and journalist. He was born and died in Frankfurt am Main.
The Free Workers' Union of Germany was an anarcho-syndicalist trade union in Germany. It stemmed from the Free Association of German Trade Unions (FDVG) which combined with the Ruhr region's Freie Arbeiter Union on September 15, 1919.
The National Socialist German Students' Union was founded in 1926 as a division of the Nazi Party with the mission of integrating University-level education and academic life within the framework of the Nazi worldview. Organized strictly in accord with the Führerprinzip as well as the principle of Machtdistanz, the NSDStB housed its members in so-called Kameradschaftshäusern, and had its members decked out in classic brown shirts and its own distinctive Swastika emblems.
Horst Möller is a German contemporary historian. He is Professor of Modern History at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (LMU) and, from 1992 to 2011, Director of the Institut für Zeitgeschichte.
The Rote Hilfe was the German affiliate of the International Red Aid. The Rote Hilfe was affiliated with the Communist Party of Germany and existed between 1924 and 1936. Its purpose was to provide help to those Communists who had been jailed or were imprisoned.
Reinhold Quaatz was a German conservative politician who was active during the Weimar Republic. Although associated with right-wing and völkisch tendencies, Quaatz was half-Jewish in ancestry.
Adolf Bauser was a German teacher, member of the Reichstag for the Reich Party for Civil Rights and Deflation and delegate for the Christian Democratic Union in the Landtag of Württemberg-Baden.
The Prussian State Council was the second chamber of the bicameral legislature of the Free State of Prussia between 1921 and 1933; the first chamber was the Prussian Landtag. The members of the State Council were elected by the provincial parliaments and gave the provinces of Prussia a voice in the legislative process. The Council had an indirect right to introduce legislation, could object to bills passed by the Reichstag and had to approve expenditures that exceeded the budget.
Das Volksrecht was a left-wing newspaper published from Offenbach am Main, Weimar Germany between 1925 and 1933. Initially it was an irregular publication of the communist city council group, but in 1928 it became a local mouthpiece of the Right Opposition. It was published on a weekly basis until the National Socialist takeover in 1933.
August Haußleiter was a German politician and journalist. After his exclusion from the Bavarian Christian Social Union in 1949 he spent three decades as a right-wing political activist, on many occasions positioned beyond the frontiers of West Germany's consensual political mainstream. During the 1980s he remained politically active, but now as a somewhat unconventional member of the German Green party. He is also the mentor of the Finnish Greens.
Max Silbermann was a German politician. He served as a member of the Saxon regional parliament ("Landtag") between 1931 and 1933.
Otto Friedrich Wilhelm Stapel, was a German Protestant and nationalist essayist. He was the editor of the influential antisemitic monthly magazine Deutsches Volkstum from 1919 until its shutdown by the Nazis in 1938.
Hans Richert was a German school reformer, teacher, headmaster and philosopher.
Notker Hammerstein was a German historian. His research interests were mainly in the field of University history and history of science as well as the history of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation.
Angela Zigahl was a German teacher and politician who served in the Landtag of Prussia from 1925 until 1933. A member of the Centre Party, she represented the Oppeln constituency. Following World War II, Zigahl was a member of the Sonne Commission, an American-led body which sought to resolve the post-war refugee crisis in West Germany.
Reichsfeinde was a pejorative term used for groups which were in political opposition to the system of the German Reich during the tenure of Otto von Bismarck as chancellor of Germany and during the Nazi regime. Under Bismarck, the term was mainly employed against Catholics and Social Democrats to justify their political suppression. The Nazis added the Jewish people to this list of enemies and violently pursued their destruction for being "non-German".
