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Medicare is an unofficial designation used to refer to the publicly funded single-payer healthcare system of Canada. Canada's health care system consists of 13 provincial and territorial health insurance plans,which provide universal healthcare coverage to Canadian citizens,permanent residents,and depending on the province or territory,certain temporary residents. The systems are individually administered on a provincial or territorial basis,within guidelines set by the federal government. The formal terminology for the insurance system is provided by the Canada Health Act and the health insurance legislation of the individual provinces and territories.
A general practitioner (GP) or family physician is a doctor who is a consultant in general practice.
The American Medical Association (AMA) is an American professional association and lobbying group of physicians and medical students. This medical association was founded in 1847 and is headquartered in Chicago,Illinois. Membership was 271,660 in 2022.
Kaiser Permanente is an American integrated managed care consortium,based in Oakland,California,United States,founded in 1945 by industrialist Henry J. Kaiser and physician Sidney Garfield. Kaiser Permanente is made up of three distinct but interdependent groups of entities:the Kaiser Foundation Health Plan,Inc. (KFHP) and its regional operating subsidiaries;Kaiser Foundation Hospitals;and the regional Permanente Medical Groups. As of 2024,Kaiser Permanente operates in eight states and the District of Columbia,and is the largest managed care organization in the United States.
Primary care is a model of health care that supports first-contact,accessible,continuous,comprehensive and coordinated person-focused care. It aims to optimise population health and reduce disparities across the population by ensuring that subgroups have equal access to services.
Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences (OSU-CHS) is a public medical school in Tulsa,Oklahoma. It also has a branch campus in Tahlequah,Oklahoma. Founded in 1972,OSU-CHS is part of the Oklahoma State University System. OSU-CHS offers a Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (D.O.) and over fifteen other different graduate degrees.
Family medicine is a medical specialty within primary care that provides continuing and comprehensive health care for the individual and family across all ages,genders,diseases,and parts of the body. The specialist,who is usually a primary care physician,is named a family physician. It is often referred to as general practice and a practitioner as a general practitioner. Historically,their role was once performed by any doctor with qualifications from a medical school and who works in the community. However,since the 1950s,family medicine / general practice has become a specialty in its own right,with specific training requirements tailored to each country. The names of the specialty emphasize its holistic nature and/or its roots in the family. It is based on knowledge of the patient in the context of the family and the community,focusing on disease prevention and health promotion. According to the World Organization of Family Doctors (WONCA),the aim of family medicine is "promoting personal,comprehensive and continuing care for the individual in the context of the family and the community". The issues of values underlying this practice are usually known as primary care ethics.
The American Osteopathic Association (AOA) is the representative member organization for the more than 197,000 osteopathic medical doctors (D.O.s) and osteopathic medical students in the United States. The AOA is headquartered in Chicago,Illinois,and is involved in post-graduate training for osteopathic physicians. Beginning in 2015,it began accrediting post-graduate education as a committee within the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education,creating a unified accreditation system for all DOs and MDs in the United States. The organization promotes public health,encourages academic scientific research,serves as the primary certifying body for D.O.s overseeing 18 certifying boards,and is the accrediting agency for osteopathic medical schools through its Commission on Osteopathic College Accreditation. As of October 2015,the AOA no longer owns the Healthcare Facilities Accreditation Program (HFAP),which accredited hospitals and other health care facilities.
Medical education in the United States includes educational activities involved in the education and training of physicians in the country,with the overall process going from entry-level training efforts through to the continuing education of qualified specialists.
Eastern Virginia Medical School (EVMS),part of the Macon and Joan Brock Virginia Health Sciences at Old Dominion University,commonly known as Virginia Health Sciences,is a public medical school in Norfolk,Virginia operated by Old Dominion University. Founded by grassroots efforts in the Southeastern part of Virginia known as Hampton Roads,EVMS has historically not been affiliated with an undergraduate institution and therefore coordinates training through multiple medical centers in the Hampton Roads region. Effective on July 1,2024,the nearby Old Dominion University merged with EVMS to create a comprehensive university with EVMS being the medical school component of the larger university.
Danielle Ofri is an American essayist,editor,and practicing internist. She is an attending physician at Bellevue Hospital,and a clinical professor of medicine at the New York University School of Medicine. Her writing appears in The New Yorker,The New York Times,and The Lancet.
The UCLA International Medical Graduate (IMG) Program is a non-profit educational program for Hispanic International Medical Graduates who are residing in the US legally. Housed in the Dept of Family Medicine of the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA in Los Angeles,California the IMG Program was created to train immigrant physicians who could address the linguistic and cultural barriers to care faced by California's largely underserved Hispanic population.
Healthcare in South Korea is universal,although a significant portion of healthcare is privately funded. South Korea's healthcare system is based on the National Health Insurance Service,a public health insurance program run by the Ministry of Health and Welfare to which South Koreans of sufficient income must pay contributions in order to insure themselves and their dependants,and the Medical Aid Program,a social welfare program run by the central government and local governments to insure those unable to pay National Health Insurance contributions. In 2015,South Korea ranked first in the OECD for healthcare access. Satisfaction of healthcare has been consistently among the highest in the world –South Korea was rated as the second most efficient healthcare system by Bloomberg. Health insurance in South Korea is single-payer system. The introduction of health insurance resulted in a significant surge in the utilization of healthcare services. Healthcare providers are overburdened by government taking advantage of them.
Physician supply refers to the number of trained physicians working in a health care system or active in the labor market. The supply depends primarily on the number of graduates of medical schools in a country or jurisdiction but also on the number continuing to practice medicine as a career path and remaining in their country of origin. The number of physicians needed in a given context depends on several different factors,including the demographics and epidemiology of the local population,the numbers and types of other health care practitioners working in the system,and the policies and goals in place of the health care system. If more physicians are trained than needed,supply exceeds demand. If too few physicians are trained and retained,some people may have difficulty accessing health care services. A physician shortage is a situation in which there are not enough physicians to treat all patients in need of medical care. That can be observed at the level of a given health care facility,a province/state,a country,or worldwide.
Physicians are an important part of health care in the United States. The vast majority of physicians in the US have a Doctor of Medicine (MD) degree,though some have a Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (DO),or Bachelor of Medicine,Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS).
The Korea Medical Association is a trade union in South Korea. It claims to represent 101,618 about two-thirds of the country's doctors.
California Health Sciences University (CHSU) is a private,for-profit university located in Clovis,California. Founded in 2012,the school currently operates two academic programs,one offering a doctorate degree in medicine and the second offering a masters degree in science. Graduates of the College of Osteopathic Medicine (COM) will receive the Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (DO) degree,and graduates of the College of Biosciences and Health Professions (CBHP) will receive the Masters Of Science In Biomedical Sciences (MSBS) degree. The school had previously also offered a Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm.D.) degree but no longer offers it.
The United States has many regions which have been described as medical deserts,with those locations featuring inadequate access to one or more kinds of medical services. An estimated thirty million Americans,many in rural regions of the country,live at least a sixty-minute drive from a hospital with trauma care services. Regions with higher rates of Medicaid and Medicare patients,as well those who lack any health insurance coverage,are less likely to live within an hour of a hospital emergency room. Although concentrated in rural regions,health care deserts also exist in urban and suburban areas,particularly in predominantly Black communities in Chicago,Los Angeles and New York City. Racial demographic disparities in healthcare access are also present in rural areas,particularly in Native American communities which experience worse health outcomes and barriers to accessing quality medical care. Limited access to emergency room services,as well as medical specialists,leads to increases in mortality rates and long-term health problems,such as heart disease and diabetes.
Concerns of both a current and future shortage of medical doctors due to the supply and demand for physicians in the United States have come from multiple entities including professional bodies such as the American Medical Association (AMA). The AMA itself has been criticized for creating the shortage in the first place.
The 2024 South Korean medical crisis is an ongoing healthcare crisis following the announcement of new government policies that would significantly increase medical student admission quotas. Thousands of residents and interns have since resigned,resulting in medical school professors working to cover. This forced non-urgent,less complicated patients to no longer be treated at tertiary care facilities,leading to financial concerns at large university hospitals. There has been anxiety about timely treatment. The South Korean government labeled medical professionals' advocacy as "illegal collective actions," declaring a healthcare crisis. It launched a pro-government campaigns villainizing doctors as a self-serving cartel. This confrontational approach,reinforced by the President,undermined trust and collaboration in healthcare reform.
References
- ↑ "Why the world's most tech-obsessed nation is resisting virtual doctor's visits". Quartz. 8 August 2016. Retrieved 1 December 2017.
- ↑ Cho, Hŭi-yŏn (2013). Contemporary South Korean Society: A Critical Perspective. Routledge. p. 70. ISBN 978-0415691390.
- ↑ "Why have 10,000 junior doctors in South Korea resigned?" . Retrieved 2 April 2024.