Australia at the 1984 Winter Paralympics

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Australia at the
1984 Winter Paralympics
Flag of Australia.svg
IPC code AUS
NPC Australian Paralympic Committee
Website www.paralympic.org.au
in Innsbruck
Competitors3 in 2 sports
Medals
Ranked 15th
Gold
0
Silver
0
Bronze
0
Total
0
Winter Paralympics appearances (overview)

The 1984 Winter Paralympics , then known as The Third World Winter Games for the Disabled, were held in Innsbruck, Austria. The games took place from the 15 until 21 January. Present at these games were 419 athletes from 21 countries, Spain and the Netherlands competing for the first time in the Winter Paralympics, [1] competing in 107 events across 3 sports. [2] The inclusion of Les Austres and Cerebral palsy impairment groups contributing to the distinct increase in athlete participation [1] with the total number of athletes jumping from 229 at Geilo, Norway in 1980. [3]

Contents

These games were unique as they were the first games organised by the International Co-ordinating Committee, which was formed shortly before on 15 March 1982 in Leysin, Switzerland. This committee was formed to incorporate the disability sport movement with the Olympic movement and led to future collaboration between the two. [1]

The Austrian organisers were praised for their effort especially considering there was a severe lack of snow in Innsbruck at the time of the Games. In innovative fashion the organisers rallied the assistance of the Austrian Army to move snow to the tracks from neighbouring glaciers. [4]

The logo for the 1984 Winter Paralympic was representative of the beginning of a much closer working relationship between the International Organising Committee (IOC) and the disability sport movement, when the IOC Executive Board meeting of 1982 agreed to permit the logo to incorporate the Olympic Rings. This did however come at a cost, as this incorporation of the rings was only permitted in exchange for the term 'Olympic' being dropped from the name of the games (then known as the 3rd Winter Olympic Games for the Disabled). The 3rd Winter Olympic Games for the Disabled was the preferred choice for the disability movement at the time, however they deemed a positive relationship with the IOC to be more valuable. [1]

The three parts of the logo work together to collaboratively represent Innsbruck, the Olympic movement and the disability sport movement:

Opening and Closing Ceremonies

The opening ceremony, held on 14 January 1984, were another symbol of the growing relationship between the IOC and the disability sport movement. During negotiations over the use of the word 'Olympic' in the title of the games, it was also agreed upon that IOC President Juan Antonio Samaranch would attend the games and whilst the Olympic flag was being raised, made an address.

The games were opened officially by the President of Austria, Dr Rudolph Kirchschläger and both the opening and closing ceremonies (held on 20 January 1984) took place in the Innsbruck Olympic Ice Stadium. [5]

Athletes

The Australian contingent was made up of three male skiers, Kyrra Grunnsund, Andrew Temple and Rodney Mill and a guide Peter Smythe (guide for Mill). [6] Ron Finneran acting as Chef de Mission [7] and coach James Milner.

Ron Finneran

Ron Finneran who contracted polio aged 18 months resulting in spin bifida was a pioneer of winter Paralympic sports in Australia, introducing disabled skiing to Australia in 1974 after he learnt in USA and Canada. [7] He continued to support the athletes as Chef de Mission at five games after his days of competing and was a passionate advocate for winter disability sport in Australia. [7] In role as chef de mission, Finneran was responsible for be the communication between the competing team and the organisational hierarchy. [8]

Kyrra Grunnsund

Grunnsund (OAM - Medal of the Order of Australia 1995) [9] is a below the knee amputee (LW4) who was the first athlete to represent Australia at both the Summer and Winter Paralympic.

At the 1984 Winter Paralympics Grunnsund competed Alpine slalom, giant slalom and downhill events, specifically the Men's Alpine Combination LW4, Men's Downhill LW4, Men's Giant Slalom LW4 and Men's Slalom LW4. [10] Although not winning any medals, Grunnsund put in an impressive performance, placing 5th in his Alpine event and 6th in the Giant Slalom.

Australian Ron Finneran, Chef de Mission at the 1984 Winter Paralympics Dd0184 - Innsbruck Winter Games, R. Finneran - 3b - scanned photo.jpg
Australian Ron Finneran, Chef de Mission at the 1984 Winter Paralympics
Australian Paralympian Kyrra Grunnsund at the 1984 Winter Games Dd0184 - Innsbruck Winter Games, K. Grunnsund - 3b - scanned photo.jpg
Australian Paralympian Kyrra Grunnsund at the 1984 Winter Games

Andrew Temple

Andrew Temple is a single leg amputee who represented Australia at the 1984 Winter Paralympics.

At the 1984 Winter Paralympics Temple competed in giant slalom and downhill events, specifically the Men's Downhill LW2, Men's, Men's Giant Slalom LW2 and Men's Slalom LW2. [10]

Australian coach James Milner at the 1984 Winter Paralympics Dd0184 - Innsbruck Winter Games, Coach Milner - 3b - scanned photo.jpg
Australian coach James Milner at the 1984 Winter Paralympics

Rodney Mill

Rodney Mill is a blind athlete who competed in cross country races, [10] the Men's Middle Distance 10 km B2 and the Men's Short Distance 10 km B2.


Impairment Groups

Involved in the participation of these games were athletes from the following impairment groups: [11] [12]

Classification

The Australian Paralympic Team, coaches and guide at the 1984 Innsbruck Winter Games Dd0184 - Innsbruck Winter Games, Team and coach - 3b - scanned photo.jpg
The Australian Paralympic Team, coaches and guide at the 1984 Innsbruck Winter Games

Each event had separate standing, sitting, or visually impaired classifications.

The Australian athletes competed within the standing and visually impaired classification groups:

[14]

Events

The three sports available to competitors were Alpine Skiing, Cross country skiing (Nordic skiing) and ice sledge speed racing. A distinct feature of these games was that the 1984 games was the first time that the downhill event was added to the Paralympic alpine program alongside slalom and giant slalom [15] and sit skiing was demonstrated for the first time. [10]

Australian Paralympian Andy Temple at the 1984 Innsbruck Winter Games Dd0184 - Innsbruck Winter Games, A. Temple- 3b - scanned photo.jpg
Australian Paralympian Andy Temple at the 1984 Innsbruck Winter Games

Alpine skiing

Men
AthleteEventTimeRank
Kyrra Grunnsund Men's Alpine Combination LW4287.465
Men's Downhill LW41:11.7012
Men's Giant Slalom LW41:30.086
Men's Slalom LW41:16.968
Andrew Temple Men's Downhill LW21:20.2122
Men's Giant Slalom LW2DNF
Men's Slalom LW21:31.7020

Cross-country skiing

A unique feature of Cross-country skiing at the 1984 Winter Paralympics is that nations were permitted to enter more than one team in the relay events (a rule which was changed at subsequent games). This led to Australia winning both silver and gold in the men's 3 x 2.5 km relay Gr I-II, and Finland gold and silver in the men's 4 x 5 km relay LW2-9. [1]

Australian Paralympian athlete Rodney Mill at the 1984 Innsbruck Winter Games Dd0184 - Innsbruck Winter Games, R. Mill - 3b -scanned photo.jpg
Australian Paralympian athlete Rodney Mill at the 1984 Innsbruck Winter Games
Men
AthleteEventTimeRank
Rodney MillMen's Short Distance 10 km B243:26.623
Men's Middle Distance 10 km B230:17.918

[6]

Medal Tally

Nations with athlete representatives at the 1984 Winter Paralympics 1984 Paralympic games countries.PNG
Nations with athlete representatives at the 1984 Winter Paralympics

Australia did not win any medals at these games, with host nation Austria out performing all others winning a remarkable 70 medals. [2]

RankCountryGoldSilverBronze
1Austria341917
2Finland1996
3Norway151313
4West Germany101410
5United States of America71414

Medals

The medals assigned for each event had a unique design. Consistency was kept through the design on one side of the medal showing the Olympic rings and the statement "III. World Winter Games for the Physically Disabled", and the other side featuring a representation of that particular sport. [16]

Future Implications

On 20 and 21 January 1984, the Holiday Inn in Innsbruck hosted the fifth meeting of the International Coordinating Committee (ICC). A main point of discussion was the continuation of a joint calendar of events and the integrating of disabled event demonstrations at able bodied events. At the end of the two day meeting, a draft agreement for the International Organising Committee was finalised, representing a positive collaborative effort moving forward. Additionally, it was decided that the official name for the organisation would be the International Coordinating Committee (ICC) of World Sports Organisation for the Disabled. [4]

Related Research Articles

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LW12 is a para-Alpine and para-Nordic sit skiing sport class defined by the International Paralympic Committee (IPC). An LW12 skier needs to meet a minimum of one of several conditions including a single below knee but above ankle amputation, monoplegia that exhibits similar to below knee amputation, legs of different length where there is at least a 7 centimetres difference, combined muscle strength in the lower extremities less than 71. For international competitions, classification is done through IPC Alpine Skiing or IPC Nordic Skiing. For sub-international competitions, classification is done by a national federation such as Alpine Canada. For para-Alpine, this class is subdivided into two subclasses.: LW12.1 and LW12.2. A new sit-skier competitor with only national classification will compete as LW12.2 in international competitions until they have been internationally classified.

LW11

LW11 is a para-Alpine and para-Nordic sit skiing sport class, a classification defined by the International Paralympic Committee (IPC for people with paralysis in the lower extremities and people with cerebral palsy that affects the lower half of the body. Outside of skiing, the competitor in this class is unable to walk. For international competitions, classification is done through IPC Alpine Skiing or IPC Nordic Skiing. For sub-international competitions, classification is done by a national federation such as Alpine Canada.

LW10

LW10 is a para-Alpine and para-Nordic sit-skiing classification for skiers who cannot sit up without support. For international skiing competitions, classification is conducted by International Paralympic Committee (IPC) Alpine Skiing and IPC Nordic Skiing, while national federations such as Alpine Canada handle classification for domestic competitions.

LW1 (classification)

LW1 is a para-Alpine standing skiing classification for people with severe lower extreme disabilities in both extremities. It includes both skiers with amputations and cerebral palsy. International classification is done through International Paralympic Committee Alpine Skiing, and national classification through local national sport federations. LW1 classified skiers use outriggers, and two skis or one ski with a prosthesis. Other equipment is used during training such as ski-tips, ski-bras, and short skis.

LW2 (classification)

LW2 is a para-Alpine and para-Nordic standing ski sport class defined by the International Paralympic Committee (IPC). Competitors in this class have severe disability in a lower limb, which may be a result of an amputation, or arthrodesis in the leg and hip. Depending on the type of skiing, the international classification process for LW2 skiers is handled by the IPC Alpine Skiing Technical Committee and IPC Nordic Skiing Technical Committee. National sport federations handle classification on the lower levels.

LW3 is a para-Alpine and para-Nordic standing skiing sport class defined by the International Paralympic Committee (IPC) for skiers with a disability affecting both legs, with double below knee amputation or a combined strength total for both legs of 60, with 80 as the baseline for people without disabilities. For international skiing competitions, classification is done through IPC Alpine Skiing or IPC Nordic Skiing. The classification has two subclasses for para-Alpine skiing: LW3.1 which is for people with double below the knee amputations or similar disabilities, and LW3.2 which is for people with cerebral palsy that involves moderate athetoid, moderate ataxic impairment or slight diplegic involvement.

LW4 is a para-Alpine and para-Nordic standing skiing sport class defined by the International Paralympic Committee (IPC) for skiers who may have a disability in one lower extremity, which may be a result of a leg amputation below the knee, knee arthrodesis or a hip arthrodesis. For international skiing competitions, classification is done through IPC Alpine Skiing or IPC Nordic Skiing. A national federation such as Alpine Canada handles classification for domestic competitions.

LW5/7 is a standing para-Alpine and para-Nordic skiing classification for skiers with upper extremity issues in both limbs that may include double amputation of both arms and hands or dysmelia of the upper limbs. The class has three subclasses defined by the location of the disability on the upper extremities. International classification is done by IPC Alpine Skiing and IPC Nordic Skiing. On the national level, classification is handled by national sports federation such as Cross-Country Canada.

LW6/8

LW6/8 is a para-Alpine and para-Nordic standing skiing sport class, a classification defined by the International Paralympic Committee (IPC) for people with an upper extremity issue who have paralysis, motor paresis affecting one arm, a single upper arm amputation or CP8 classified cerebral palsy. LW6/8 skiers use two skis and one pole in both para-Alpine and para-Nordic skiing.

LW9 is a para-Alpine and para-Nordic standing skiing sport class, a classification defined by the International Paralympic Committee (IPC) for people with upper and lower limb function problems, and includes cerebral palsy skiers classified CP5, CP6 and CP7, along with people with hemiplegia or amputations. For international skiing competitions, classification is done through IPC Alpine Skiing or IPC Nordic Skiing. A national federation such as Alpine Canada handles classification for domestic competitions. This classification is separated into two subclasses including LW9.1 and LW9.2.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Brittain, Ian (2014). From Stoke Mandeville to Sochi a history of the summer and winter paralympic games. pp. 118–119.
  2. 1 2 "Innsbruck 1984 Paralympic Winter Games". Official Website of the Paralympic Movement. Retrieved 5 October 2016.
  3. "Geilo 1980 Paralympics- Ceremonies, Medal, Torch Relay". Official Website of the Paralympic Movement. Retrieved 2 September 2016.
  4. 1 2 Bailey, S. (2008). Athlete First A History of the Paralympic Movement. Hoboken: Wiley.
  5. Brittain, Ian (2014). From Stoke Mandeville to Sochi a history of the summer and winter paralympic games. pp. 117–119.
  6. 1 2 "Australia - 1984 Winter Paralympics". International Paralympic Committee Historical Results Database. Retrieved 20 January 2013.
  7. 1 2 3 "Member Profile:Ron Finneran". Sport Australia Hall of Fame. Retrieved 24 September 2020.
  8. Fogarty, Mick. "Ron Finneran interviewed by Mick Fogarty in the Australian Centre for Paralympic Studies oral history project [sound recording]". National Library of Australia. Retrieved 5 September 2016.
  9. "GRUNNSUND, Kyrra". It's an Honour. Retrieved 3 September 2016.
  10. 1 2 3 4 "Racing History". Disabled Winter Sport Australia. Retrieved 5 September 2016.
  11. Brittain, Ian (2014). From Stoke Mandeville to Sochi a history of the summer and winter paralympic games. p. 118.
  12. Vasilios Giovanis, & Eriketti Margari. (2015). THE EVOLUTION OF THE WINTER PARALYMPIC GAMES AND SPORTS. Pedagogics, Psychology, Medical-Biological Problems of Physical Training and Sports,3, 69-79.
  13. 1 2 3 4 5 "Australian Team Media Guide 2002 Salt Lake City Paralympic Games" (PDF). Clearing House for Sport. January 2002. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 March 2016. Retrieved 5 October 2016.
  14. "Layman's Guide to Classification" (PDF). International Paralympic Committee. Retrieved 3 September 2016.
  15. "Alpine Skiing Sports Summary". Australian Paralympic Committee. Archived from the original on 9 September 2015. Retrieved 3 September 2016.
  16. "Innsbruck 1984 Paralympic Medals - Official Photos & History". Official Website of the Paralympic Movement. Retrieved 2 September 2016.

See also