Perfume is a mixture of fragrant essential oils or aroma compounds (fragrances), fixatives and solvents, usually in liquid form, used to give the human body, animals, food, objects, and living-spaces an agreeable scent. Perfumes can be defined as substances that emit and diffuse a pleasant and fragrant odor. They consist of manmade mixtures of aromatic chemicals and essential oils. The 1939 Nobel Laureate for Chemistry, Leopold Ružička stated in 1945 that "right from the earliest days of scientific chemistry up to the present time, perfumes have substantially contributed to the development of organic chemistry as regards methods, systematic classification, and theory."
American singer Britney Spears has developed and endorsed a number of products; these have included books, video releases, video games, dolls, clothing, and perfumes. In 2000, Spears released a limited edition of sunglasses titled Shades of Britney. In 2001, she signed a deal with shoe company Skechers, and a $7–8 million promotional deal with Pepsi, their biggest entertainment deal at the time. Aside from numerous commercials with the latter during that year, she also appeared in a 2004 Pepsi television commercial in the theme of "Gladiators" with singers Beyoncé, Pink, and Enrique Iglesias. On June 19, 2002, she released her first multi-platform video game, Britney's Dance Beat, which received positive reviews. In March 2009, Spears was announced as the new face of clothing brand Candie's. Dari Marder, chief marketing officer for the brand, explained why they choose the singer, saying, "everybody loves a comeback and nobody's doing it better than Britney. She's just poised for even greater success." In 2010, Spears designed a limited edition line for the brand, which was released in stores in July. In 2011, she teamed up with Sony, Make Up For Ever, and Plenty of Fish to release her music video for "Hold It Against Me", earning her $500,000 for the product placement. Spears also teamed up with Hasbro in 2012 to release an exclusive version of Twister Dance, which includes a remix of "Till the World Ends". The singer was also featured on a commercial, which was directed by Ray Kay, to promote the game. Spears was also featured on the commercial of "Twister Rave" and the game included a Twister remix of "Circus". In March 2018, it was revealed that Spears would be the face of Kenzo, a contemporary French luxury clothing house.
Chypre is the name of a family of perfumes that are characterised by an accord composed of citrus top notes, a middle centered on cistus labdanum, and a mossy-animalic set of basenotes derived from oakmoss. Chypre perfumes fall into numerous classes according to their modifier notes, which include but are not limited to leather, florals, fruits, and amber.
The Demeter Fragrance Library is a Great Neck, New York company that sells over 200 different fragrances based on "everyday" scents, such as baby powder, dirt, gin & tonic, play-doh and tomato.
Chanel No. 19 perfume was first marketed in 1971. The number 19 was chosen to commemorate Coco Chanel's birthday, 19 August. The perfume was launched a year before she died. The scent was created by Henri Robert.
Cool Water is a men's fragrance introduced in 1988 by Davidoff and produced under license by Coty Inc. as part of its Coty Prestige brand portfolio.
Henri Alméras was a French perfumer, author, and painter.
Creed Fragrances is an Anglo-French multi-national niche perfume house, based in Paris.
Krasnaya Moskva was the first Soviet-created perfume.
Bond No. 9 is an American, New York-based perfume house launched in 2003 by Laurice Rahmé. The products are for both men and women.
Kouros is a perfume for men produced by Yves Saint Laurent. The perfume was introduced in 1981. It was created by perfumer Pierre Bourdon. It is also known as "The Scent of the Gods."
A gourmand fragrance is a perfume consisting primarily of synthetic edible (gourmand) notes, such as honey, chocolate, vanilla or candy. These top and middle notes may be blended with non-edible base notes such as patchouli, musk or tonka bean. They have been described as olfactory desserts. They are also called "foodie" fragrances and can be both feminine and masculine.
Xyrena is an Austin, Texas perfumery founded in Los Angeles specializing in cruelty-free and vegan products certified by PETA and Leaping Bunny. Xyrena describes itself as "a defiant cosmetics startup that includes the world's first celebrity-partnered on-demand perfumery". Xyrena only releases fragrances in water-free Extrait de Parfum form.
Terre d'Hermès is a fragrance launched by French luxury brand Hermès in March 2006. It was created by Jean-Claude Ellena, who was the exclusive in-house perfumier of Hermès.
CK One is a citrus aromatic chypre unisex fragrance developed by Alberto Morillas and Harry Fremont for Calvin Klein.
Poison is a perfume for women introduced by Parfums Christian Dior in 1985. The popularity of the scent made it become a brand in its own right and resulted in the subsequent release of five flanker fragrances: Tendre Poison, Hypnotic Poison, Pure Poison, Midnight Poison, and Poison Girl.
Geza Schön is a German master perfumer born in Kassel and based in Berlin. He trained at Haarmann & Reimer and has worked with Diesel, Ormonde Jayne, FCUK, biehl parfumkunstwerke, and Boudicca. Schön founded Escentric Molecules, a perfume line that focuses on single molecules, in 2006. He received the Outstanding Artist Award for Interdisciplinarity in 2016, then, in 2017, the Sadakichi Award for Experimental Work with Scent, together with Wolfgang Georgsdorf for "Osmodrama / Smeller 2.0".
Christina Aguilera Fragrances is a perfume brand by American singer Christina Aguilera. It was founded in 2007 in a deal with Procter & Gamble (P&G), who manufactured the products until 2016, after its production and distribution rights were bought out by Elizabeth Arden, Inc. In addition to fragrances, the brand has also worked with the production and sale of other cosmetics, including body lotions, body sprays, bath gels, and deodorants.
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