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The foreign relations of the Mughal Empire were characterized by competition with the Persian Empire to the west, the Marathas and others to the south, and the British to the east. Steps were taken by successive Mughal rulers to secure the western frontiers of India. The Khyber Pass along the Kabul- Qandahar route was the natural defence for India, and their foreign policy revolved around securing these outposts, as also balancing the rise of powerful empires in the region. During the break up of the Timurid Empire in the 15th century, the Ottomans in Turkey, the Safavids in Persia and the Uzbegs in central Asia emerged as the new contenders of power. While the Safavids were Shia by faith, Ottomans along with Uzbegs were Sunni. The Mughals were also Sunni and Uzbegs were their natural enemies, who caused Babur and other Timurid princes to leave Khurasan and Samarqand. The powerful Uzbegs who held sway over central India sought an alliance of Sunni powers to defeat the Shia ruled Persia, but Mughals were too broadminded to be driven away by the sectarian conflicts. The Mughal rulers, especially Akbar, were keen to develop strong ties with Persia in order to balance the warring Uzbegs. Thus, the foreign policy of Mughals was centred around strengthening the ties with Persia, while maintaining the balance of power in the region by keeping a check on the evolution of a united Uzbeg empire.
In 1637, the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan sent his son Aurangzeb to annexe Baglana, a Maratha kingdom of the Rashtrakuta dynasty. Aurangzeb defeated Baharji, the Raja of Baglana, and annexed his territory to the Mughal Empire.
References
- ↑ Gommans, Jos J. L. (2002). Mughal Warfare: Indian Frontiers and Highroads to Empire 1500-1700. London: Routledge. p. 33. ISBN 9780415239899 . Retrieved 30 September 2012.
- ↑ Richards, John F. (1996). The Mughal Empire. The New Cambridge History of India. Vol. 5 (Reprinted ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 128. ISBN 9780521566032 . Retrieved 29 September 2012.