Baltimore City College football

Last updated
Baltimore City College football
Dominick Roseborough playing football at M&T Bank Stadium, for Baltimore City College (2006).jpg
NicknameCity College Black Knights
ConferenceMPSSAA 3A North Region
DivisionBaltimore City (Division 1)
LeagueMaryland Scholastic Association (MSA)
[1919-1993]
Maryland Public Secondary Schools Athletic Association (MPSSAA)
[1993-present]
StadiumGeorge Petrides Stadium at Alumni Field
Capacity2,000
LocationBaltimore, MD, US
Team colorsOrange and Black
Head coachRodney Joyner
(4th season); 22-12 (.647)
Championships(18) MSA Conference Championships
1936, 1937, 1938, 1939, 1940, 1941, 1942, 1961, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1991, 1992
Conference titles(4) MPSSAA Regional Championships
1996, 2001, 2005, 2023
Division titles(2) Baltimore City League Division Championships
2005, 2006
Website bccathletics.com

The Baltimore City College football team, known as the "Black Knights", or formerly "Castlemen", and "Alamedans", has represented Baltimore City College, popularly referred to as "City", the flagship public college preparatory school in Baltimore, Maryland, United States, for nearly 150 years in the sport of gridiron football. [1] Until 1953, the school's athletic teams were primarily referred to as the "Collegians", a moniker that is still used alternatively today. The team is the oldest high school football program in Maryland and is among the oldest high school football programs in the United States. [2] The program was among the nation's best in the 1950s, 1960s, 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s, finishing ranked in national high school football polls on multiple occasions. [3]

Contents

In the late-1890s, City College competed as a member of the Maryland Intercollegiate Football Association (MIFA) against colleges in Maryland and Washington, D.C. The school joined the Maryland Scholastic Association (MSA) in 1919 as a founding member and remained a member until 1992 when it withdrew to join the Maryland Public Secondary Schools Athletic Association (MPSSAA) in 1993. The school left the MSA to compete for state championships with Maryland's other public high schools. [4]

The program has a history of producing NFL talent, with 14 alumni reaching the professional ranks of the National Football League. [5] City College also has a legacy of successful head football coaches. This list includes George Young, former General Manager of the New York Jets and George Petrides, whose 257 career wins ranks eighth all-time among Maryland high school football coaches. [6]

Baltimore Polytechnic Institute (Poly) has been the team's primary rival since the two schools first met in 1889. The rivalry is believed to be the second-oldest high school football rivalry in the United States between public high schools, predated only by the English High School of Boston-Boston Latin School football rivalry. The rivalry began in 1889 and the teams have met 134 times in history. City College leads the series 66–62–6. [7] [8]

History

Members of the 1895 Baltimore City College football team Baltimore City College football team (1895).jpg
Members of the 1895 Baltimore City College football team

In the mid-1870s, the popularity of football spread to high school competition. City College became one of the first high schools in the Baltimore-area to play football, which meant that there were no organized teams at the same level. In 1895, therefore, City scheduled games against college teams such as the Maryland, the Naval Academy, Mount St. Mary's, Western Maryland and even the Fort Monroe soldiers. The record in 1895: 3 wins, 13 losses, including a 42–0 rout by Navy. [9] In the first game of the 1896 season, Gettysburg College trounced City 50–0, but enthusiasm for the team continued to grow as evidence by the send off given them before they sailed to Hampton, Virginia to play Hampton high school. [10] By the early 1900s, area high schools had developed football teams and City was able to compete on a more level playing field, beating, for instance, the newly formed Polytechnic team 13–0 in 1903.

Little is known about the first City–Poly game, except that it was played at northeast Baltimore's Clifton Park in 1889 between the City "reserves" team and Poly with City emerging as the victor. [11] City won all 12 games from 1889 to 1900 when the annual clash was considered a scrub engagement. [12] The annual meeting of the two teams has led to one of the longest continuous public high school football rivalries in the nation. [11] By 1918, Poly and other area schools had surpassed City in their preparation for the games. According to William Tippett, Jr, class of 1919, City's team did not even have a practice field because of its location in Downtown Baltimore. [13]

The Harry Lawrence era

By 1929, the Knights had a new $3 million, 40-acre (160,000 m2) home in northeast Baltimore. That same year the Knights wore new uniforms with numbers on the front and back, a historic first for high schools. [14] The "Castle on the Hill" had spacious practice fields with a separate "game day field".

Under head coach Harry Lawrence, the Knights dominated local teams, including Poly whom they beat consecutively from 1934 to 1942; and started playing schools out of state, beating Petersburg High School in 1936. [15] The 1936 team won all nine of its games, but was stripped of the MSA title when one of running back Arthur Deckleman was ruled ineligible. The investigating committee gave the title to the McDonough High School, which City had beaten, 12–0, during the regular season. [16]

By 1940, Lawrence's teams were undefeated in 38 consecutive games, won three consecutive state titles and retired the trophy presented by the Evening Sun for the winner of the City-Poly game. [17] In 1941, an undefeated City College went to Florida, to play Miami High School in the Orange Bowl stadium. The Knights, used to playing in cool autumnal or cold winter weather, lost to Miami High with the temperature exceeding 90 °F. [18] After the season, Lawrence and his long-time assistant, Otts Helms joined the war effort; Helms was a captain in the Army and Lawrence served as a lieutenant in the Navy for the remainder of World War II. In 1947, Lawrence became the head coach at Bucknell University where future City College head football coach, George Young, played for him in the early 1950s. [19]

Andy Defassio was hired as the head coach in 1950, his assistant coach that first year was Robert Lumsden. Lumsden soon left to take over the head coaching duties at Poly, under its legendary coach Bob Lumsden, dominated City and Maryland football during the 1950s with City unable to win any of the rivalry games during that decade.

The George Young era

The trend would reverse again as George Young took over the coaching duties in 1959. Young had actually been a history teacher at City, but an assistant coach at rival Calvert Hall College. Young brought discipline back to the practice field and an emphasis on grades. He also brought in young aggressive special teams coaches Joe Brune, Bob Patzwall, Mel Filler, and Ed Novak; all of whom would become head coaches later in their careers with Brune coaching the Loyola Dons for more than 25 years.

Young's summer camps were brutal with an emphasis on running and conditioning as opposed to tackling and kicking. Young's teams won 6 of the 8 games he coached against Poly during the 1960s and six MSA championships. [13] One of the most memorable City–Poly games occurred on Thanksgiving Day 1965, at Baltimore's Memorial Stadium, with some 25,000 fans and alumni in attendance. City beat Poly 52–6, and completed a 10–0 season with the team being ranked eighth in the nation by a national sports poll. [20] The 52 points scored by City are the most points scored by either team during the rivalry. [21] Two Knights from that game, Sykes and Person went on to the National Football League; former Baltimore Mayor Kurt Schmoke was the quarterback and Maryland Delegate Curt Anderson was the captain of that team.

The tradition of the game being played on Thanksgiving ended in 1992 when Baltimore City public schools sports programs moved to the Maryland Public Secondary Schools Athletic Association (MPSSAA). Football playoffs for the MPSSAA generally start in the second week of November. The City-Poly game is now played the first week of November at the home of the Baltimore Ravens, M&T Bank Stadium, in downtown Baltimore.

The George Petrides era

The Knights on defense vs. Poly, 1994 Knightsfootball.jpg
The Knights on defense vs. Poly, 1994

George Petrides, a 1967 City College graduate, served as head football coach from 1975 until he retired in 2015. [22] His 40-year tenure was longer than the previous 10 coaches combined. During the 1960s, Petrides played on City College teams that never lost a game, but at the beginning of his coaching career, he was faced with almost impossible circumstances. The City College main academic building was being renovated forcing enrollment to plummet and the student body to take courses at the old Poly building on North Avenue in midtown Baltimore. The athletic practice field was two miles (3 km) away, and in 1979 Petrides was forced to use his junior varsity team to play Poly's varsity because of the dwindling enrollment. [23] The Castle on the Hill reopened in 1978 but the Knights did not manage a win against Poly again until 1987.

During the 1990s, a rebirth of City College football dominance occurred. During that time, Petrides and his top assistant coach Angelo Geppi led the team through a 29-game winning streak, the longest consecutive winning streak in the history of Maryland high school football. [24] Petrides and Geppi also led the team to two consecutive MSA-A Conference championships in 1991 and 1992. [24]

In 1993, Baltimore City Schools withdrew from the MSA to join the other public schools in the state in the Maryland Public Secondary Schools Athletic Association (MPSSAA). [25] The move meant that City College could compete in a statewide play-off system and perhaps earn a state championship, but because of scheduling conflicts with the state playoffs, City would have to hold its traditional game against Poly three weeks before Thanksgiving.

On September 11, 2006, Petrides was honored as the Baltimore Ravens High School Coach of the Week for the third time. [22] Less than a month later, City and Poly clashed in the 118th City–Poly football game. [21] Petrides' Black Knights beat Poly 44–8, won the Baltimore City championship, and finished the 2006 season 11–1, but lost the Maryland state class 3A North championship game, 7–6. [26]

On August 5, 2015, Petrides announced that he was retiring as the head football coach. During his 40 years at the helm of the football program, Petrides' teams racked up 257 wins, 141 losses, and one tie. [27] Petrides' teams won five Maryland Scholastic Association championships and two Baltimore City Division I titles. He led the Knights to perfect seasons in 1987, 1991 and 1992. [28]


Maryland Public Secondary School Athletic Association (MPSSAA) era (1993-present)

City College joined the Maryland Public Secondary School Athletic Association (MPSSAA) in 1993 and was expected to compete for football championships immediately after having won a MSA football championship in 1992. City College football has won four MPSSAA regional championships in 1996, 2001, 2005, and 2023 and two MPSSAA district championships in 2005 and 2006. George Petrides, the longest-serving head football coach in school history, announced his retirement in 2015. His 275 career wins ranks eight all-time among Maryland high school football coaches. His contributions to the program is commemorated by the naming of the team's stadium George Petrides Stadium at Alumni Field. The current head coach is Rodney Joyner, who led the program to an appearance in the 2023 MPSSAA Class 3A state semifinals, the program's first state semifinals appearance since 2005.

City-Poly rivalry

An admission ticket to the 1936 City-Poly game. 1936 City-Poly Game Ticket.jpg
An admission ticket to the 1936 City-Poly game.

The City–Poly football rivalry, also referred to as the "City-Poly game" is an American football rivalry between the Baltimore City College Black Knights (City) and the Baltimore Polytechnic Institute Engineers (Poly). This matchup is the oldest football rivalry in Maryland. [29] The rivalry is believed to be the second-oldest high school football rivalry in the United States between public high schools, predated only by the English High School of Boston-Boston Latin School football rivalry, which started two years earlier in 1887. The rivalry began in 1889 and the teams have met 134 times in history. In 2023, City won its 12th consecutive game in the rivalry, and now leads the series 66–62–6. [7] [8]

"The Game", as this rivalry is commonly referred to, has featured legendary high school football coaches like Harry Lawrence, Bob Lumsden, [30] George Petrides, [31] and George Young. In all, 25 former players in the City-Poly game ultimately played in the National Football League (NFL), which includes the 14 NFL players City has produced. [5] [32] [33]

City v Poly 2008 Football game (Baltimore City College vs Baltimore Polytechnic Institute, 2008).jpg
City v Poly 2008

The first game in the rivalry was played on a field in northeast Baltimore's Clifton Park without spectators. Beginning in 1922, the game has been played at in large stadiums with seating capacities of 65,000 or more. From 1922 to 1996, the game was played at Baltimore Memorial Stadium, a multi-purpose stadium that was home to the Baltimore Colts and the Baltimore Ravens of the NFL and Major League Baseball's Baltimore Orioles. When the Ravens moved to M&T Bank Stadium in downtown Baltimore, the game moved to that location. The last City-Poly game at M&T Bank was played in 2017. [34] The game is now played at Hughes Stadium on the campus of Morgan State University. In October, 2024, City beat Poly 40-0 running their winning streak over their cross-town rival to 12 games.[ citation needed ]

Head coaching history

George Petrides, City College Black Knights head football coach, 1975-2015 Gpetrides06.jpg
George Petrides, City College Black Knights head football coach, 1975-2015

Baltimore City College has had 28 head coaches since organized football began in the early-1900s. The program has been led by several successful head coaches over the years. This list of notable head football coaches includes:

The 28 individuals who have served as Baltimore City College head football coach during the years are listed below. [13]

No.NameSeasons
1Hay Eichelberger1904–1907
2Captain Steinbacker1908–1909
3D. Claude Stonecipher1910–1911
4Harry (Dutch) Ruhle1912–1914
5Michael J. Thompson1915–1916
6Ferdinand Bonnette1917
7Herb Armstrong1918
8John Coulbourn1919–1921
9Chester H. Katenkamp1922
10Henry "Pop" Goodard1923–1928
11Vic Schmid1929–1930
12David Kaufman1931–1933
13Harry Lawrence1934–1941
14Charles Hirschauer1942–1944
15Charley Rudo1945
16Harry Lawrence1946
17Otts Helms1947–1949
18Andy Defassio1950–1951
19Otts Helm1952–1953
20Frank Lee1954–1958
21George Young1959–1967
22Robert Patzwall1968
23Robert Terpening1969–1970
24Ron Chartrand1971–1974
25George Petrides1975–2015
26Daryl Wade2015–2017
27Mike Hamilton2017–2019
28Rodney Joyner2020–present

City College players in the National Football League

The program has a history of producing talented players who ultimately play professional football at the highest level. 14 City College football alumni have played in the National Football League (NFL). [5] This list includes current NFL player Malik Hamm (Baltimore Ravens), as well as former NFL players like Charles Tapper, Bryant Johnson, and others, showcasing the program's ability to develop athletes capable of competing at the highest levels of the football. [36]

PlayerPosTeamsFromTo
Malik HammLBBAL2023present
Charles TapperDEDAL20172017
Bryant JohnsonWRARI,SFO,DET,HOU20032011
George RagsdaleRB-WRTAM19771979
Tom GatewoodTE-WRNYG19721973
Ara PersonTESTL19721972
John SykesWRSDG19721972
Bob BaldwinFBBAL19661966
Reid LennonG-C-TWAS,LAD19451947
Gil MeyerE-DEBCL19471947
John WrightBBCL19471947
Art BrandauC-GPIT19451946
Nick CampofredaC-TWAS19441944

Past seasons results, standings

Results and standings 1895–1934
YearWLTPFPAComments
1895312050260losses included 42-0 (Naval Academy), & 6-0 (University of Md.) [37]
189625024116opponents included a mix of high school and college teams [38]
1897131862uniform colors were gold, black and white [39]
1898121862 [40]
1899
1900
1901beat Poly 5-0 [40]
1902
19034125411beat Poly 10-0 [41]
1904210356won championship [42] [43]
19057109433only loss: 18–0 to Central High of Philadelphia [43]
1906only highschool football team to be pictured in the Spalding Official Football Guide [44]
19072238751beat Loyola College, 53-0 [45]
1908223identical record to 1907 but first loss to Poly, 11-0 [45]
19092414261loss to Poly, 11-0(again) [45]
19104303852 [46]
19113312836 [47]
1912530191101 [48]
1913140 [49]
19142224646 [49]
191524096102 [49]
191651113318only loss was to Poly [50]
1917
191806015128 [51]
1919
1920
192133034103 [52]
192261019541beat Poly, 27–0, after 8-year drought [52]
192352111842all 5 wins were by shut out, including 14–0 over Poly [52]
1924beat Poly [53]
192555071209all 5 losses were by shut out, including a 94-0 thumping by Lindbloom [53]
1926Harry Lawrence kicked winning field goal for Poly [53]
19272513570 [54]
192836170144 [55]
19294303033 [56]
19302413071 [57]
193118152128played Poly twice, 7–7 tie and 0–2 loss in charity game [58]
193244311163played Poly twice, 2 ties, 2nd tie counted as a loss [1]
193308012129no returning seniors [59]
193452110337Public School champions [60]
City quarterback Kurt Schmoke completes pass in the 1965 game 10Kurt Schmoke.jpg
City quarterback Kurt Schmoke completes pass in the 1965 game
Results and standings 1935–1974
YearWLTPFPAComments
193541110918only loss was to Mt. St. Joe who won MSA championship [61]
19369002216MSA champions, 8 wins by shut-out (title later forfeited, ineligible player) [62] [63]
193770115524MSA champions [63]
193890127112MSA champions, largest margin of victory to that point over Poly (33–0) [64]
1939100019830MSA champions [65]
19408012066MSA champions, all wins by shut-out [66]
194182023040MSA champions, lost last game to Miami Sr. High in Miami, Fl. [67]
194261113928MSA champions [68]
19433327798lost to Navy plebes, 46-0 [69]
19444216139 [70]
194515158108only win was over an undefeated Forest Park team [71]
1946351104149 [72]
19476301617523,000 in attendance at the City-Poly game [73]
1948
194954012596 [74]
195024184128 [75]
195127169193Al Kaline was team captain [76]
1952341110126shut-out by Poly [77]
1953241266420,000 in attendance at City-Poly game [78]
195425071122 [79]
1955341949217,242 at City-poly game [80]
195662012653beat a George Young coached Calvert Hall team [81]
1957
195843111365 [82]
1959810Lost to Poly [83]
19603327098beat Poly after 11-year drought [84]
196180025838MSA-A conference champions [85]
1962332141994th, MSA-A conference, Tom Duley at QB [86]
1963610166602nd, MSA-A conf., ended Bates of Annapolis 27 game win streak [87]
1964MSA-A conference champions
196590033149MSA-A conference champions, ranked 7th in U.S., Kurt Schmoke at QB [88]
196670223945MSA-A conference co-champions, Schmoke at QB [89]
1967720266105MSA-A conference co-champions [90]
196872016282MSA-A conference champions [91]
1969531162134 [92]
1970
1971
1972
1973270 [93]
1974261 [94]
Results and standings 1975–2014
YearWLTPFPAComments
1975370110226 [95]
1976
1977460n/an/a [96]
1978180nana5,000 attendance at Poly game [97]
1979nana(no varsity teams at City in 1979) [97]
1980nana(no varsity teams at City in 1980)
1981550183138 [98]
1982
198372117292 [99]
1984460100171lost 48–0 to Poly, largest deficit in series [100]
198536080175 [101]
1986830263121MSA B-conference champions [102]
19871100MSA B-conference champions, ended 17 game losing streak to Poly [103]
198882025272MSA-B conference champions [104]
198962015988 [105]
1990640171101 [106]
1991100028257MSA-A conference champions [24] [107]
1992100026852MSA-A conference champions [24] [108]
199391034097made state quarterfinals [109] [110]
199482
199546
199693made state semifinals [109]
1997730224111 [111]
1998730159138 [112]
199918072244 [113]
2000640217132 [114]
20011110298*114made state semifinals but lost to Hereford 9-0 [115]
*point totals include a 2–0 win over Poly caused by Poly forfeit
200274023895made state quarterfinals [109] [116]
2003730n/an/a [117]
2004640216186finished 5th, Baltimore City, did not make state playoffs [118]
20051120212136Baltimore City Champions, lost in state semifinals (class 2-A north) [119]
2006111035633Baltimore City Champions, lost 7–6, in 2nd round of state playoffs (3-A) [120]
2007830315217moved back to class 2-A [121] lost, first round, state playoffs
2008640249133
2009730
2010840lost 7–6 in 2nd round of state playoffs
2011540lost to Poly
2012640beat Poly
2013830lost to River Hill, 1st round of playoffs
2014560lost to Glenelg, 1st round of playoffs
2015550239143beat Poly 42-6 [122]
2016640beat Poly in 2OT
2017beat Poly
2018beat Poly
2019 [122] 550171150beat Poly
202000000no games due to COVID-19
2021 [122] 840290155beat Poly twice, lost to Linganore High School in 1st round of playoffs
2022 [122] 630182171beat Poly (disqualified from state playoffs)

Notes

  1. 1 2 Escolona, Eduardo, ed. (1933). The 1933 Green Bag. p. 105.
  2. "The City vs. Poly tradition lives on". 27 October 2023.
  3. "2023 MPSSAA Baltimore Metro Football Report – Round 2 Playoff Review, Round 3 Playoff Preview". 15 November 2023.
  4. Satterfield, Lem (4 November 1992). "Girls teams benefit, but city's move to MPSSAA forces sacrifices as well: Switch to state organization spells end of some traditions". The Sun. p. 1D. ProQuest   1976682475.
  5. 1 2 3 "Baltimore City College (Baltimore, MD) Alumni Pro Stats". Pro-Football-Reference.com .
  6. "Winningest Coaches | MD Football Foundation | Football Records".
  7. 1 2 Patterson (2000), p. 7.
  8. 1 2 "City football claims dominant 44-6 win over Poly in 134th edition of rivalry: 'This game means everything for City'". 28 October 2023.
  9. Hobbs, G. Warfield, Jr., ed. (1896). The 1896 Green Bag. p. 68.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: editors list (link)
  10. Singley, Frederick J., ed. (1897). The 1897 Green Bag. p. 77.
  11. 1 2 Patterson, Ted (2000). Football in Baltimore: History and Memorabilia. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 7. ISBN   0-8018-6424-0.
  12. Leonhart (1939), p. 229.
  13. 1 2 3 Marudas, Kyriakos (1988). The City-Poly Game. Baltimore: Gateway Press. p. 66.
  14. "City Out to Avenge Last Year's Defeat". The Collegian. 1 (3). Baltimore, Md. 1929-10-17.
  15. Marudas (1988), p. 13.
  16. Hamill, Walter Ward, ed. (1937). The 1937 Green Bag. Baltimore: The 1937 Senior Class.
  17. Harris, Murray, ed. (1940). The 1940 Green Bag. Baltimore: The 1940 Senior Class.
  18. Marudas (1988), p. 21.
  19. "Coaches: Harry L. Lawrence,'51". Bucknell University. Retrieved 2007-11-11.
  20. Strasburger, Victor, ed. (1967). The 1967 Green Bag. p. 19.
  21. 1 2 DiBlasi, Joe (2006-11-09). "City-Poly". Word Smith Media Ventures. Archived from the original on 2007-09-28. Retrieved 2007-07-26.
  22. 1 2 "George Petrides of Baltimore City College Honored as Ravens HS Coach of the Week - September 11, 2006". National Football League . Archived from the original on September 27, 2007. Retrieved 2006-09-19.
  23. Danneker (1988) pg. 87
  24. 1 2 3 4 Kane, Gregory (2001-02-10). "Speaking of streaks, this one's even longer". The Baltimore Sun. Archived from the original on 2007-09-30. Retrieved 2007-07-26.
  25. "About the MIAA". Maryland Interscholastic Athletic Association. Archived from the original on 17 August 2007. Retrieved 2007-08-13.
  26. "City College Knights". mdvarsity.com. Retrieved 2007-08-13.
  27. "Long Time City College Coach George Petrides retires". Baltimore Sun. Retrieved 2015-08-12.
  28. "VSN Home Page".
  29. "Maryland's oldest football rivalry continues". November 2019.
  30. "From humble roots, Lumsden brought success to Poly's teams". 26 October 2002.
  31. 1 2 "Longtime City football coach George Petrides retires". 5 August 2015.
  32. "Baltimore Polytechnic Institute (Baltimore, MD) Alumni Pro Stats". Pro-Football-Reference.com .
  33. "Kyle Goon: Ravens hopeful Malik Hamm has an incredible underdog story". 26 July 2023.
  34. "M&T Bank Stadium no longer the permanent venue for Turkey Bowl, City-Poly football games". 14 November 2017.
  35. "George B. Young - General".
  36. "Malik Hamm Baltimore Raven". 15 August 2023.
  37. Leonhart (1939), p.200.
  38. Leonhart (1939), p.186.
  39. Byrne, Harry Stevenson, chief editor (1898). The 1898 Green Bag.{{cite book}}: |first= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  40. 1 2 Leonhart (1939), p.202.
  41. Leonhart (1939), p.203.
  42. Leonhart (1939), p.198.
  43. 1 2 Leonhart (1939), p.204.
  44. Patterson, Ted (2000). Football in Baltimore. Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 304. ISBN   0-8018-6424-0 . Retrieved 2008-07-26.
  45. 1 2 3 Leonhart (1939), p.205.
  46. Leonhart (1939), p.205-206.
  47. Leonhart (1939), p.206.
  48. Leonhart (1939), p.206-207.
  49. 1 2 3 Leonhart (1939), p.207.
  50. Leonhart (1939), p.208.
  51. Leonhart (1939), p.209.
  52. 1 2 3 Leonhart (1939), p.210.
  53. 1 2 3 Leonhart (1939), p.211.
  54. Kronsberg, Milton, ed. (1928). The 1928 Green Bag. pp. 259–270.
  55. Leonhart (1939), p.212.
  56. Nachlas, Morton, ed. (1930). The 1930 Green Bag. pp. 175–185.
  57. Rosenbaum, Herbert, ed. (1931). The 1931 Green Bag. p. 179.
  58. Freed, Arnold V., ed. (1932). The 1932 Green Bag. p. 168.
  59. Goldsmith, Jewett, ed. (1934). The 1934 Green Bag. p. 95.
  60. Horn, George, ed. (1935). The 1935 Green Bag. p. 85.
  61. Leonhart (1939), p.214
  62. Hamill, Walter Ward, ed. (1937). The 1937 Green Bag.
  63. 1 2 Leonhart (1939), p.215
  64. Leonhart (1939), p.217
  65. Harris, Murray R., ed. (1940). The 1940 Green Bag. p. 114.
  66. Chesney, Robert (1941). The 1941 Green Bag. p. 145.
  67. Katz, Hy, co-editor; Bill Groom (1942). The 1942 Green Bag.{{cite book}}: |first= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  68. Katz, Hy, co-editor; Sol Flam (1943). The 1943 Green Bag. p. 74.{{cite book}}: |first= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  69. Ginsberg, Leonard, ed. (1944). The 1944 Green Bag. pp. 70–71.
  70. Caplan, Robert S., co-editor; Leon Greenberg (1945). The 1945 Green Bag. p. 102.{{cite book}}: |first= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  71. Easson, Graeme, ed. (1946). The 1946 Green Bag. p. 86.
  72. Duvall, R. Lee, ed. (1947). The 1947 Green Bag. pp. 33–34.
  73. Offit, Benson, ed. (1948). The 1947 Green Bag.
  74. Greenberg, Lvon, ed. (1950). The 1950 Green Bag. p. 58.
  75. Sax, Daniel, ed. (1950). The 1950 Green Bag. p. 100.
  76. Silverwood, Harry, ed. (1952). The 1952 Green Bag.
  77. Mogel, Ronald, chairman (1953). The 1953 Green Bag.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  78. Sirota, Wilbert, ed. (1954). The 1954 Green Bag. pp. 106–111.
  79. Becker, John W., co-editor; Frank M. Waldorf (1955). The 1955 Green Bag. p. 38.{{cite book}}: |first= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  80. Walt, E. Millard editor (1956). The 1956 Green Bag.{{cite book}}: |first= has generic name (help)
  81. Feinberg, Rober co-editor; Charles Roebuck (1957). The 1957 Green Bag.{{cite book}}: |first= has generic name (help)
  82. Paritzky, Zorel, ed. (1959). The 1959 Green Bag. p. 55.
  83. Goldstein, Alan (22 November 1959). "City Coach Hopeful in Thanksgiving Day Game With Poly: BOTH TEAMS UNDEFEATED Young Cites Collegians' Steady Improvement". The Sun. p. 7D. ProQuest   540559853.
  84. Wolfe, Murray, ed. (1961). The 1961 Green Bag. p. 60.
  85. Levin, Fred., ed. (1962). The 1962 Green Bag. p. 47.
  86. Schultz, Michael J., ed. (1963). The 1963 Green Bag.
  87. Konig, David, ed. (1964). The 1964 Green Bag. p. 69.
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  91. Bondroff, Daniel, ed. (1969). The 1969 Green Bag. pp. 57–60.
  92. Bosk, Harry, ed. (1970). The 1970 Green Bag. p. 95.
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  94. Wiggins, Edward, ed. (1975). The 1975 Green Bag.
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  96. Cook, Michael, ed. (1978). The 1977-78 Green Bag.
  97. 1 2 Dixon, Joseph V., ed. (1979). The 1979 Green Bag.
  98. Sindelar, Robert, ed. (1982). The 1982 Green Bag. p. 78.
  99. Mayer, Rus, ed. (1984). The 1984 Green Bag. p. 92.
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  101. Arenson, Dana, ed. (1986). The 1986 Green Bag.
  102. Gerstenberger, Lara, ed. (1987). The 1987 Green Bag. p. 82.
  103. White, Stefan, ed. (1988). The 1988 Green Bag. p. 78.
  104. Goldberg, David, co-editor; David Rubin (1989). The 1989 Green Bag. p. 138.{{cite book}}: |first= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  105. George, Christa, ed. (1990). The 1990 Green Bag. p. 78.
  106. Alt, Daniel, ed. (1991). The 1991 Green Bag. p. 109.
  107. Bryant, Becky, ed. (1992). The 1992 Green Bag. p. 80.
  108. Lyles, Damien, co-editor; Daniel Corcoran (1993). The 1993 Green Bag. p. 63.{{cite book}}: |first= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
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  110. Bryant, David, ed. (1994). The 1994 Green Bag. p. 65.
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  115. Class of 2003, editor (2003). The 2003 Green Bag. p. 49.{{cite book}}: |first= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  116. Chaffin, Nicole, ed. (2003). The 2003 Green Bag. p. 49.
  117. Troxler, Ashley, staff (2004). The 2004 Green Bag.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
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