The Banque Internationale pour le Commerce et l'Industrie (BICI) was a network of banks in sub-Saharan Africa created from 1962 onwards by Paris-based Banque Nationale pour le Commerce et l'Industrie (BNCI). Following successive mergers it was inherited by BNCI's successors the Banque Nationale de Paris (BNP, 1966–2000) then BNP Paribas (since 2000). BNP Paribas sold most of the BICI network in the early 2020s.
In July 1940, facing challenging prospects at home following the German invasion of France, the Paris-based BNCI acquired the Banque de l'Union Nord-Africaine in Algiers to develop its activity outside Europe. The BNCI renamed that bank as Banque Nationale pour le Commerce et l'Industrie en Afrique (BNCI-Afrique or BNCI-A), and opened a branch in Saint-Louis, Senegal simultaneously as another in Casablanca. [1] More sub-Saharan branches followed in subsequent years.
Following the loi-cadre Defferre of 1956, most sub-Saharan African French colonies became independent countries by 1960, and developed their own national banking policy frameworks. In this new environment, the BNCI reorganized branches of BNCI-Afrique into fully capitalized subsidiaries whose equity capital was opened to local partners including the newly established national governments.
Thus in 1962, four stand-alone banks were created in Cameroon, the Republic of the Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, and Senegal: respectively, the Banque internationale pour le Commerce et l'Industrie du Cameroun (BICI Cameroun) in Douala, the Banque internationale pour le Commerce et l'Industrie du Congo (BICI Congo) in Brazzaville, the Banque Internationale pour le Commerce et l'Industrie de la Côte d'Ivoire (BICICI) in Abidjan, [2] and the Banque Internationale pour le Commerce et l'Industrie du Sénégal (BICIS) in Dakar. [3]
More creations followed in the early 1970s: the Banque Internationale pour le Commerce et l'Industrie du Gabon (BICIG) in Libreville in 1973, the Banque Internationale pour le Commerce, l'Industrie et l'Agriculture du Burkina Faso (BICIAB) in Ouagadougou also in 1973, [4] the Banque Togolaise pour le Commerce et l'Industrie (BTCI) in Lomé in 1974, [5] and the BICI-Tchad in N'Djamena in 1976. [6] : 5 The Banque Internationale pour le Commerce et l'Industrie de la Guinée (BICIGUI) was founded in Conakry in 1985, [7] the Banque pour l'Industrie et le Commerce des Comores (BICC) in Moroni in 1990, and the Banque Internationale pour le Commerce et l'Industrie du Mali (BICIM) in Bamako in 1999. [8]
Meanwhile, in 1974 the BICI Congo was merged into a new entity, the Union Congolaise de Banque (UCB). [6] : 4 In the mid-1980s, BICI-Tchad merged with Banque Internationale pour l'Afrique du Tchad, the local affiliate of Banque Internationale pour l'Afrique Occidentale (BIAO). [6] : 6 In 1989, the Banque Internationale pour le Commerce et l'Industrie du Niger (BICIN) in Niamey was acquired by the Nigerien affiliate of BIAO even as the BIAO Group was experiencing financial distress. [9] In the early 1990s, BNP exited Cameroon through a series of transactions with Bank Brussels Lambert and Dresdner Bank. [6] : 4 In 2002, BNP Paribas withdrew from BTCI and left it in the ownership of the Togolese government. [10] : 12
By 2012, the BICIGUI was the largest bank in Guinea. [11] By 2019, the BICIG was the second-largest bank in Gabon. [12]
In 2019, BNP Paribas signaled its intent to reduce its African footprint. [13] It exited Gabon, Mali and the Comoros in 2020, [14] Burkina Faso and Guinea in 2021, [5] [15] and Côte d'Ivoire and Senegal in 2022: [2] [16]
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