The Banu Khazraj is a large Arab tribe based in Medina. They were also in Medina during Muhammad's era.
The Ghaṭafān were an Arab tribal confederation originally based northeast of Medina. The main branches of the Ghatafan were the tribes of Banu Abs, Banu Dhubyan and Ashja'. They were one of the Arab tribes that interacted with Muhammad. They are notable for allying themselves with the Quraysh in the Battle of the Trench.
The Banū ʿĀmir ibn Ṣaʿṣaʿa was a large and ancient Arab tribe originating from central Arabia that dominated Najd for centuries after the rise of Islam. The tribe is an Arab Adnanite tribe and its lineage is traced back to Adnan and Ishmael son of Abraham through Hawazin, and its original homeland was the border area between Nejd and Hejaz in Khurmah and Ranyah. Although the Banu Amir were engaged in a long war with the Quraysh before the appearance of Islam, manifesting in particular as the Fijar War, the tribe was characterized by giving late allegiance to Muhammad and his immediate successors. the tribe produced several well-known Arabic poets, the most famous of whom was Labid ibn Rabi'ah, an author of one of the Seven Hanged Poems. Other poets included Amir ibn al-Tufayl, an important tribal chief; al-Ra'i al-Numayri, an opponent of Jarir; and the female poet Layla al-Akhyaliyyah. The protagonists of the romantic saga of Layla wal Majnun, Qays and Layla, also belonged to Banu Amir.
The Expedition of Qatan, was the first Raid on the Banu Asad bin Khuzaymah tribe, which occurred directly after the Battle of Hamra al-Asad in the year 4 A.H of the Islamic calendar.
The early Muslim–Meccan conflict refer to a series of raids in which the Islamic prophet Muhammad and his companions participated. The raids were generally offensive and carried out to gather intelligence or seize the trade goods of caravans financed by the Quraysh. His followers were also impoverished. The raids were intended to harm the economy and in turn the offensive capabilities of Mecca by Muhammad. He also broke an Arab tradition of not attacking one's own kinsmen by raiding caravans. The Muslims felt that the raids were justified and that Allah gave them permission to defend against the Meccans' persecution of Muslims.
The expedition against the Banu Saleem tribe, also known as the Al Kudr Invasion, occurred directly after the Battle of Badr in the year A.H. 2 of the Islamic calendar. The expedition was ordered by Muhammad after he received intelligence that the Banu Salim were planning to invade Madina.
The Expedition of Abdullah ibn Unais, also known as the Assassination of Khaled bin Sufyan was the first attack against the Banu Lahyan, which took place in the month of Muharram in the year A.H. 3. It was reported that Khaled bin Sufyan Al-Hathali, considered an attack on Madinah and that he was inciting the people on Nakhla or Uranah to fight Muslims. So Muhammad sent Abdullah ibn Unais to assassinate him. After cutting off Khaled bin Sufyan's head at night, Unais brought it back to Muhammad.
The Expedition of al Raji, occurred directly after the Battle of Uhud in the year AH 4 of the Islamic calendar.
The Expedition of Bir Maona, according to Islamic tradition, took place four months after the Battle of Uhud in the year A.H. 4 of the Islamic calendar. It is believed the Islamic prophet Muhammad sent missionaries to preach Islam, at the request of Abu Bara. Forty or seventy of the Muslim missionaries sent by Muhammed were killed.
Expedition of Abu Qatadah ibn Rab'i al-Ansari, to Khadirah, and also known as the Campaign of Khadrah took place in November 629 AD, 8AH, 8th month, of the Islamic Calendar
The expedition of Khalid ibn al-Walid to Nakhla took place in January 630 AD, 8AH, in the 9th month of the Islamic Calendar.
Raid of Sa'd ibn Zaid al-Ashhali, took place in January 630 AD, 8AH, 9th month, of the Islamic Calendar, in the vicinity of al-Mushallal. Sa'd ibn Zaid al-Ashhali was sent to demolish the images of the gods worshipped by the polytheist tribes around the area.
Expedition of Khalid ibn al-Walid, to Mecca, against Banu Jadhimah, took place in January 630 AD, 8AH, 9th month, of the Islamic Calendar.
Khalid ibn al-Walid invaded the city of Dumat Al-Jandal in April 631 AD, under the orders of Muhammad to retaliate for the killings of preachers that had previously been sent by him. He also ordered Khalid to destroy an idol that was worshipped by the Bani Kalb tribe.
Expedition of Ali ibn Abi Talib, to convert the people of Yemen to Islam, took place in 10AH or 631 AD.
Banu Asad ibn Khuzaymah is an Arab tribe. They are Adnanite Arabs, powerful and one of the most famous tribes. They are widely respected by many Arab tribes, respected by Shia Muslims because they have buried the body of Husayn ibn Ali, his family and companions with the help of Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin, the son of Husayn, and many martyrs from the Battle of Karbala are from the tribe. Today, many members of the tribe live in the Iraqi cities of Basra, Najaf, Kufa, Karbala, Nasiriyah, Amarah, Kut, Hillah, Diyala and Baghdad. There is a branch from the Banu Assad in Northern Sudan called Banu Kahil who have migrated from the Hijaz to Sudan. There are also members of Bani Assad tribe in Ahvaz in the Khuzestan of Iran located with neighboring tribes of Banu Tamim, Bani Malik, Banu Kaab and other notable Arab tribes.
Khaled bin Sufyan Al-Hathali belonged to the Banu Lahyan tribe at the time of the Islamic Prophet Muhammad. Muhammad said that Khalid was planning on attacking Madinah and instructed the people of Nakhla and Uranah to attack him in return [Sunan Abu Dawud 1249]. Therefore he sent Abdullah ibn Unais to assassinate him in 625 during the Expedition of Abdullah Ibn Unais.
Banu Lahyan were an Arab pagan tribe during the time of Muhammad and were involved in several military conflicts with him. The first was in 625 during the Expedition of Abdullah Ibn Unais, where Muhammad sent Abdullah ibn Unais to kill Khaled bin Sufyan Al-Hathali, who was the chief of the tribe. Muhammad alleged that he was planning to attack Madinah and incite the people of Nakhla and Uranah to attack him. Therefore, he sent Abdullah ibn Unais to assassinate him in 625 during the Expedition of Abdullah Ibn Unais. This was followed by the Invasion of Banu Lahyan in September 627 when Muhammad ordered his followers to attack the Banu Lahyan tribe to get revenge for the killing of 10 Muslims in the Expedition of Al Raji
The Banu Udhrah was a Himyari Jewish tribe during the era of the Islamic Prophet Muhammad which converted to Islam after the Expedition of Ukasha bin Al-Mihsan in 627. During this expedition Muhammad ordered an attack on the Banu Assad bin Qhuzayma to capture spoils. The Battle of Tabouk took place in October 630 to attack the Byzantine empire. Mubarakpuri claims that the reason was revenge for the killing of one of Muhammad's ambassadors by a Christian chief of al-Balaqa, which led to the Battle of Mutah. Mubrakpuri claims this was also the reason for the Battle of Tabouk, and that there was a rumour that Heraclius was preparing an attack on the Muslims. William Muir claims Heraclius wanted to prevent the recurrence of Muslim attacks such as the Expedition of Ukasha bin Al-Mihsan against the Banu Udrah tribe. A tribe that was aligned to the Byzantine Empire
Banu Muzaina was an Arab tribe during the time of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. They were involved in the Expedition of Zayd ibn Harithah September, 627 CE, 6AH of the Islamic calendar A platoon, under the leadership of Zaid bin Haritha, was sent to Al Jumum, the habitation of Banu Salim, in the same year. A group of Non-Muslims where captured. A woman from Banu Muzaina was also captured, and she showed them the way to the enemy's camp. The Banu Muzaina tribe was an Arab pagan tribe which later converted to Islam.
