Bars-Hot

Last updated • 1 min readFrom Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia
Bars Hot
Kherlen Bars
Хэрлэн Барс
Bars Hot 2010 01.jpg
Pagoda at Bars Hot in 2010, before restoration
Location Tsagaan-Ovoo, Dornod Province, Mongolia
TypeAncient city
Length1.6
Width1.8
Area2.88
History
Cultures Khitans

Bars-Hot or Kherlen Bars (Mongolian : Хэрлэн Барс) was a city built by the Khitan people in the basin of the Kherlen River in Eastern Mongolia. [1] During the Liao dynasty it was called Hedong City (Chinese :河董城). It occupied an area of 1.6 by 1.8 kilometres and was surrounded with mud walls, which are today 4 metres thick and 1.5–2 metres high.

Bars-Hot Pagoda

A ruined octagonal brick pagoda (sometimes referred to as a stupa or a watchtower) dating to the 11th century is located near the city walls. [2] It originally comprised seven stories, but its top section is now missing. There were originally a pair of pagodas at this site, but in the 1940s the Soviet garrison used cannon fire to destroy the smaller pagoda. [3] Although the remaining pagoda is missing its top section, at 16.5 metres (54 ft) in height it is the tallest surviving pre-modern structure in Mongolia. [3]

In June 2014 a team of Mongolian and Japanese scientists surveyed the ruins of the pagoda, and made measurements and 3D scans of it. They found that the external brick wall was 1.8 metres (5.9 ft) thick, with an external diameter of 9 metres (30 ft) and an internal diameter of 5.6 metres (18 ft) at the base. They found traces of coloured plaster on the surface of the internal wall, which they considered to be remains of a mural painting. [4]

The pagoda was extensively restored and reconstructed between 2014 and 2016 and now belongs to several attractions related to the Khitan in eastern Mongolia. [5] [6]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Porcelain Tower of Nanjing</span> Pagoda in China

The Porcelain Tower of Nanjing, part of the former Great Bao'en Temple, is a historical site located on the south bank of external Qinhuai River in Nanjing, China. It was a pagoda constructed in the 15th century during the Ming dynasty, but was mostly destroyed in the 19th century during the course of the Taiping Rebellion. A modern, full-size replica of it now exists in Nanjing.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Burial place of Genghis Khan</span> Undetermined site and source of mystery

The location of the burial place of Genghis Khan has been the subject of much speculation and research. The site remains undiscovered, although it is generally believed that it is near the Mongol sacred mountain of Burkhan Khaldun in the Khentii Mountains.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Church of the Holy Archangels Michael and Gabriel, Nesebar</span>

The Church of the Holy Archangels Michael and Gabriel is a partially preserved medieval Eastern Orthodox church in the eastern Bulgarian town of Nesebar, on the Black Sea coast of Burgas Province. It was built in the 13th or 14th century and forms part of the Ancient Nesebar UNESCO World Heritage Site. A single-nave church with three apses, in the past it was topped by a dome and a bell tower. Its rich external decoration was done in Nesebar's characteristic style.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Architecture of Mongolia</span>

The architecture of Mongolia is largely based on traditional dwellings, such as the yurt and the tent. During the 16th and 17th centuries, lamaseries were built throughout the country as temples which were later enlarged to accommodate a growing number of worshipers. Mongolian architects designed their temples with six and twelve angles and pyramidal roofs approximating the yurt's round shape. Further expansion led to a quadratic shape in the design of the temples, with roofs in the shape of pole marquees. Trellis walls, roof poles and layers of felt were eventually replaced by stone, brick beams and planks.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Leifeng Pagoda</span> Five story tall tower with eight sides in Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China

Leifeng Pagoda is a five story tall tower with eight sides, located on Sunset Hill south of the West Lake in Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China. Originally constructed in the year AD 975, it collapsed in 1924 but was rebuilt in 2002. Since then, it has become a popular tourist attraction. As a protected cultural heritage unit, the Ten Views of West Lake - Leifeng Sunset consists of the Sunset Hill, Leifeng Pagoda, the Imperial Monument and the courtyard and other buildings.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Elenska Basilica</span>

The Elenska Basilica or Elensko Basilica is a large partially preserved late Roman Christian basilica in west central Bulgaria. Dating to the 5th–6th century AD, it lies 5 to 6 kilometres northeast of Pirdop and 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) from Anton, on the right bank of the Elenska River in the Zlatitsa–Pirdop Valley. The initially domeless basilica, which features thick walls and defensive towers, had a dome added in the mid-6th century, during the reign of Justinian I. The church was ruined in the early 18th century, during the Ottoman rule of Bulgaria.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">La Blanca, Peten</span> Archaeological site in Petén, Guatemala

La Blanca is a Maya pre-Columbian Mesoamerican archaeological site in the municipality of Melchor de Mencos in the northern Petén Department of Guatemala. It has an occupation dating predominantly from the Middle Preclassic period of Mesoamerican chronology. This site belongs to the later period of the Mokaya culture. The site is located in the lower reaches of the Mopan River valley and features a large acropolis complex. Activity at the site has been dated as far back as the Early Classic, with principal occupation of the site occurring in the Late Classic period, although some level of occupation continued into the Early Postclassic.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Red Basilica</span> Ancient Roman buildings and structures in Turkey

The "Red Basilica", also called variously the Red Hall and Red Courtyard, is a monumental ruined temple in the ancient city of Pergamon, now Bergama, in western Turkey. The temple was built during the Roman Empire, probably in the time of Hadrian and possibly on his orders. It is one of the largest Roman structures still surviving in the ancient Greek world. The temple is thought to have been used for the worship of Egyptian gods – specifically Isis and/or Serapis, and possibly also Osiris, Harpocrates and other lesser gods, who may have been worshipped in a pair of drum-shaped rotundas, both of which are virtually intact, alongside the main temple.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Râșnov Fortress</span> Medieval castle in Romania

Râșnov Fortress is a medieval Fliehburg-type fortress, which offered refuge for townspeople and villagers from the area in times of war. It is situated in Râșnov, Brașov County, not far from Brașov.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Castro of Zambujal</span> Neolithic site in Portugal

The Castro of Zambujal is a Chalcolithic age archeological site in the municipality of Torres Vedras in the western litoral area of the Centro Region, Portugal. The Zambujal Castro is one of the most important Copper Age settlements in the peninsula of Lisbon, and whose culture lasted until the beginning of the agrarian periods of Iberian history. Apart from being the most northerly discovered Copper Age site in Portugal, it went through two main building phases: an import-oriented phase and the second associated with the Beaker culture.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pagoda of Chengtian Temple</span>

The Pagoda of Chengtian Temple, meaning 'Bearing Heaven Pagoda', is an eleven-storeyed brick pagoda located on the site of a previous Buddhist temple in Yinchuan city, Ningxia, China. The pagoda was originally built during the Western Xia, but the current structure dates to the Qing dynasty. At 64.5 metres (212 ft) in height it is the tallest pagoda in Ningxia. In contrast to the Haibao Pagoda in Yinchuan, which is known as the Northern Pagoda, Chengtian Temple Pagoda is also informally referred to as the Western Pagoda.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ayaz-Kala</span> Archaeological site in Uzbekistan

Ayaz-Kala is an archaeological site in Ellikqala District, Karakalpakstan, in northern Uzbekistan, built between the 4th century BCE and the 7th century CE. Situated on a hilltop overlooking the Kyzylkum Desert, the site encompasses the ruins of an ancient Khorezm fortress.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Yingjiang Temple</span> Buddhist temple in Anhui, China

Yingfeng Temple is a Buddhist temple located in Yingjiang District of Anqing, Anhui, China.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bondi Sewer Vent</span> Historic site in Sydney, Australia

The Bondi Sewer Vent is a heritage-listed sewer vent shaft located at Military Road, North Bondi, Sydney, Australia. It was designed by the Metropolitan Board of Water Supply and Sewerage. It is also known as Sewer Vent (Ben Buckler), Ben Buckler and Earlier brick vent. The property is owned by Sydney Water.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Suoyang City</span> Silk Road city in Guazhou, Gansu, China

Suoyang City, also called Kuyu (苦峪), is a ruined Silk Road city in Guazhou County of Gansu Province in northwestern China. First established as Ming'an County in 111 BC by Emperor Wu of Han, the city was relocated and rebuilt at the current site in 295 AD by Emperor Hui of the Western Jin dynasty. As the capital of Jinchang Commandery, the city prospered during the Tang and Western Xia dynasties. It was an important administrative, economic, and cultural center of the Hexi Corridor for over a millennium, with an estimated peak population of 50,000. It was destroyed and abandoned in the 16th century, after the Ming dynasty came under attack by Mansur Khan of Moghulistan.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Xilin Temple</span> Buddhist temple in Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China

Xilin Temple is a Buddhist temple located on Mount Lu, in Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jumma Masjid, Uparkot</span> Former mosque in Junagadh, Gujarat, India

The Jumma Masjid or Jama Masjid is a former Friday mosque, now in partial ruins, in Uparkot Fort in Junagadh, in the state of Gujarat, India. The former mosque was built in 15th century by converting a temple or a palace identified as Ranakdevi Mahal by local people and the Archaeological Survey of India. There is a controversy surrounding the identification of the structure.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Beauregard Castle, Chippis</span> Castle ruins in Chippis, Switzerland

Beauregard Castle is a ruined castle on the territory of Chippis in the canton of Valais, Switzerland. It is situated on a rocky spur at the entrance to the Val d'Anniviers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nateshwar Deul</span> Archaeological site in Bangladesh

Nateshwar Deul is a Buddhist archaeological site located in the village of Nateshwar in Tongibari Upazila in the Munshiganj District, Bangladesh. It is the ruin of a Buddhist city established from 780 to 950 CE and from 950 to 1223 CE in the Bikrampur region. Archaeological excavation began at Nateshwar in 2012–13. From 2013 to 2018, an area of approximately 500 square metres (5,400 sq ft) was excavated. Sixteen Buddhist stupas, including Bangladesh's only pyramid-shaped one, have been found in Nateshwar.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Linhuangfu</span> Primary capital city of the Liao dynasty of China

Linhuangfu was the primary capital city of the Liao dynasty of China, during which it was also known as Shangjing. The city was founded in 918 by the Liao emperor Yelü Abaoji, and was named Shangjing Linhuangfu in 938. Its ruins are located in present-day Baarin Left Banner in Chifeng, Inner Mongolia, China.

References

  1. "Kherlenbars" . Retrieved 12 December 2017.
  2. Steinhardt, Nancy Shatzman (2016). "The Pagoda in Kherlen-Bars: New Understandings of Khitan-Period Towering Pagodas". Archives of Asian Art. 66 (2): 187–212.
  3. 1 2 Habu, Junko; Lape, Peter V.; Olsen, John W. (2017). "The Archaeology of Mongolia's Early States". Handbook of East and Southeast Asian Archaeology. Springer. p. 727. ISBN   9781493965212.
  4. "Crumbling tower in ancient Mongolian ruins offers clues about Khitan history". 19 September 2014. Retrieved 12 December 2017.
  5. "Kherlen bars will be restored - News.MN". News.MN - The source of news. 2014-06-13. Retrieved 2019-05-06.
  6. "TRAVEL NOTEs FROM EASTERN MONGOLIA: Every corner of Dornod province" . Retrieved 2019-05-06.

48°3′13″N113°22′0″E / 48.05361°N 113.36667°E / 48.05361; 113.36667