Related Research Articles
The islands of São Tomé and Príncipe were uninhabited at the time of the arrival of the Portuguese sometime between 1469 and 1471. After the islands were discovered by the explorers João de Santarém and Pêro Escobar, Portuguese navigators explored the islands and decided they would be a good location for bases to trade with the mainland.
The politics of São Tomé and Príncipe takes place in a framework of a unitary semi-presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President of São Tomé and Príncipe is head of state and the Prime Minister of São Tomé and Príncipe is head of government, and of a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the President and the Government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the National Assembly. The Judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature. São Tomé has functioned under a multiparty system since 1990. Following the promulgation of a new constitution in 1990, São Tomé and Príncipe held multiparty elections for the first time since independence. Shortly after the constitution took effect, the National Assembly formally legalized opposition parties. Independent candidates also were permitted to participate in the January 1991 legislative elections.
The People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola, from 1977–1990 called the People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola – Labour Party, is an Angolan social democratic political party. The MPLA fought against the Portuguese Army in the Angolan War of Independence from 1961 to 1974, and defeated the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) and the National Liberation Front of Angola (FNLA) in the Angolan Civil War. The party has ruled Angola since the country's independence from Portugal in 1975, being the de facto government throughout the civil war and continuing to rule afterwards.
The Movement for the Liberation of São Tomé and Príncipe – Social Democratic Party is one of the main political parties in São Tomé and Príncipe. Jorge Bom Jesus is the current president of the party.
The Independent Democratic Action is a political party in São Tomé and Príncipe. It was established in 1994 by the then president Miguel Trovoada and is a politically centrist party.
The Democratic Convergence Party-Reflection Group, or PCD-GR, is a political party in São Tomé and Príncipe. It was founded on 4 November 1990 by Movement for the Liberation of São Tomé and Príncipe (MLSTP) dissidents, independents, and young professionals. Leonel Mário d'Alva is the party leader.
Evaristo do Espírito Santo Carvalho was a São Toméan politician who served as the fourth president of São Tomé and Príncipe from 2016 to 2021. He was previously the prime minister of the country on two occasions.
Celestino Rocha da Costa was a prime minister of São Tomé and Príncipe. He held the post from 8 January 1988 to 7 February 1991. He was the last head of a single party Movement for the Liberation of São Tomé and Príncipe (MLSTP) government.
The Force for Change Democratic Movement-Liberal Party is a former political party in São Tomé and Príncipe. It was formed after the 29 July 2001 presidential elections by supporters of the elected president Fradique de Menezes. Tomé Vera Cruz became the party's first Secretary General.
The National Assembly is the unicameral legislative body of the Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe.
The New Way Movement is a newly formed political party in São Tomé and Príncipe. The party has been criticized by the press for its links to the far-right.
Patrice Émery Trovoada is a São Toméan politician who is the 15th prime minister of São Tomé and Príncipe since November 2022. He previously served as prime minister from February 2008 to June 2008, from August 2010 to December 2012 and again from November 2014 to December 2018.
São Tomé and Príncipe, officially the Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe, is an island country in the Gulf of Guinea, off the western equatorial coast of Central Africa. It consists of two archipelagos around the two main islands of São Tomé and Príncipe, about 150 km (93.21 mi) apart and about 250 and 225 km off the northwestern coast of Gabon. With a population of 201,800, São Tomé and Príncipe is the second-smallest and second-least populous African sovereign state after Seychelles.
Presidential elections were held in São Tomé and Príncipe in 2011, the first round beginning on 17 July 2011 with a run-off held on 7 August 2011. Incumbent President Fradique de Menezes has served the maximum two terms and could not constitutionally seek a third term. The final result saw former president Manuel Pinto da Costa, aged 74, elected in a narrow victory against Speaker of Parliament Evaristo Carvalho.
Elections to a Legislative Assembly were held for the first and only time in Portuguese São Tomé and Príncipe in March 1973.
João Guadalupe Viegas de Ceita was a Santomean writer and doctor. He was one of co-founders and ideologist of the Movement for the Liberation of São Tomé and Príncipe (MLSTP), a project for an independent São Tomé and Príncipe.
The Movement of Independent Citizens of São Tomé and Príncipe–Socialist Party is a political party on São Tomé and Príncipe founded in 2018 by António and Domingos Monteiro, who represented the Movement for the Liberation of São Tomé and Príncipe (MLSTP/PSD) in the National Assembly until May 2018. Its main base is the southernmost municipality on São Tomé, Caué. Until 2020 it was known as simply the Movement of Independent Citizens of São Tomé (MCISTP).
Presidential elections were held in São Tomé and Príncipe on 18 July 2021. As no presidential candidate received a majority of the vote, a second round was originally scheduled to be held on 8 August 2021. However, following an objection to the first-round result, the second round was postponed to 29 August 2021, and later postponed again to 5 September 2021.
Elsa Garrido is a Sao Tomean politician and environmentalist. She is President of the Social Democratic Movement/Green Party of São Tomé and Príncipe, and presidential candidate in the 2021 São Toméan presidential election.
References
- 1 2 "Sao Tome & Principe: Movimento BASTA promises revision of the constitution and 4,000 jobs in the country". Africa News Bulletin. 8 June 2022. Retrieved 13 October 2022.
- ↑ "Sao Tome opposition wins legislative vote". Africanews. 27 September 2022. Retrieved 13 October 2022.
- ↑ Al Mouahidi, Khalid (26 September 2022). "SÃO TOMÉ: More than 123,000 voters go to the polls". Medafrica. Retrieved 13 October 2022.
- ↑ "Quem somos nós". Basta (in Portuguese). Retrieved 13 October 2022.
