Battle of Fort Smith

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Battle of Fort Smith
Part of the American Civil War
COMMISSARY BUILDING IN FT. SMITH.jpg
Fort Smith Commissary
DateJuly 31, 1864 (1864-07-31)
Location 35°23′11.7″N94°25′57.6″W / 35.386583°N 94.432667°W / 35.386583; -94.432667
Result Union victory
Belligerents
Flag of the United States (1863-1865).svg  United States (Union)Flag of the Confederate States of America (1863-1865).svg  Confederate States
Commanders and leaders
Flag of the United States (1863-1865).svg John M. Thayer Battle flag of the Confederate States of America.svg Douglas H. Cooper
Units involved
District of the Frontier District of the Indian Territory
Strength
3 brigades 2 brigades
Casualties and losses
4 killed
6 wounded
11 captured
2 killed
4 wounded

The Battle of Fort Smith was fought on July 31, 1864, in Sebastian County, Arkansas, during the American Civil War.

Contents

Background

In the wake of the failed Camden Expedition, areas of Arkansas lay prone to cavalry raids against Union outposts. [1] One such raid occurred at Massard Prairie on July 27, 1864 where Confederate forces under Brigadier-General Richard M. Gano won a victory, encouraging further engagement. [2]

Opposing Forces

Union

Confederate

Battle

Several days later Gano's superior, Brigadier-General Douglas H. Cooper, led a Confederate division several miles north to Fort Smith. Cooper's force consisted of Gano's brigade and Watie's brigade. Gano took position along the Indian Territory side of the Poteau River while Watie moved up from the south on the Arkansas side. Brigadier-General John M. Thayer commanded the town's defenses with three brigades. Watie's men made first contact with the 6th Kansas Cavalry of Colonel William R. Judson's brigade. Judson's men fell back from Fort No. 2 along the Texas Road, alerting the rest of the Union garrison of the Confederate arrival. [3] Cooper's men began to shell the fort. Thayer responded by sending forward units from Williams' brigade, including the 6th Kansas Colored Infantry and two howitzers from the 2nd Kansas Battery. The Union artillery proved superior and soon drove off the Confederates. [3] Cooper ordered a withdrawal, leaving snipers behind to cover the retreat. [4]

Aftermath

Cooper took with him approximately $130,000 worth of Union arms and supplies. [4] Thayer maintained control of Fort Smith for the duration of the war. Fort Smith is preserved within Fort Smith National Historic Site.

See also

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References

  1. Jenkins, Josh (June 6, 2024). "Civil War Timeline". Encyclopedia of Arkansas . Little Rock, Arkansas: CALS. OCLC   68194233 . Retrieved September 2, 2024.
  2. "Fort Smith in the Civil War". ExploreSouthernHistory.com. Dale Cox. 2011. Retrieved September 2, 2024.
  3. 1 2 Arey, Frank (August 30, 2023). "Action at Fort Smith". Encyclopedia of Arkansas . Little Rock, Arkansas: CALS. OCLC   68194233 . Retrieved September 2, 2024.
  4. 1 2 "Battle of Fort Smith, Arkansas". ExploreSouthernHistory.com. Dale Cox. 2011. Retrieved September 2, 2024.

Further reading