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Year 1048 (MXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar.
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Abu'l-Aswar or Abu'l-Asvar Shavur ibn Fadl ibn Muhammad ibn Shaddad was a member of the Shaddadid dynasty. Between 1049 and 1067 he was the eighth Shaddadid ruler of Arran from Ganja. Prior to that, he ruled the city of Dvin from 1022 as an autonomous lord. A capable warrior, and a wise and cunning ruler, Abu'l-Aswar was engaged in several conflicts with most of his neighbours. During his rule over Dvin, he was mostly involved in the affairs of the Armenian principalities. He collaborated with the Byzantine Empire in its conquest of the last remnants of Bagratid Armenia in 1045, but when the Byzantines later turned on him, he survived three successive offensives that sought to take Ganja. In 1049, a revolt in Ganja overthrew his infant great-great-nephew, Anushirvan. The rebels invited him to take up the family's emirate, and he moved from Dvin to Ganja. Under his rule, the Shaddadid dynasty reached its zenith. He undertook successful campaigns into Georgia and Shirvan, although the limits of Shaddadid power were exposed by his failure to take over the Emirate of Tiflis and by devastating raids by the Alans. At the same time, his reign witnessed the rapid rise of the Seljuk Empire and the extension of its control over the Transcaucasian principalities. Abu'l-Aswar became a Seljuk vassal in 1054/5. Although he gained control over the former Armenian capital of Ani through Seljuk patronage in 1065, this association also paved the way for the dynasty's decline after his death in November 1067.
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The Kingdom of Kakheti-Hereti or just the First Kingdom of Kakheti was an early Medieval monarchy in eastern Georgia, centered at the province of Kakheti, with its capital first at Telavi. It emerged in c. 1014 AD, under the leadership of energetic ruler of principality of Kakheti, Kvirike III the Great that finally defeated the ruler of Hereti and crowned himself as a king of the unified realms of Kakheti and Hereti. From this time on, until 1104, the kingdom was an independent and separated state from the united Kingdom of Georgia. The kingdom included territories from riv. Ksani to Alijanchay river and from Didoeti to southwards along the river of Mtkvari.
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Savtegin was a prominent emir of the early Seljuk Empire, during the reigns of Tughril I, Alp Arslan, and Malik-Shah I. His full name in Arabic, as given by Münejjim Bāshī Ahmad Effendi, was 'Imād ad-Dawlah Sarhang Sāw Takīn. He first appears in sources during the reign of Tughril I, when he was sent as an ambassador when rumors arose that Ibrahim Yinal would rebel. He later took part in the campaign against Arslan Besasîrî, a Turkic commander under the Buyids who had captured the Abbasid caliph al-Qa'im. Arslan Besasîrî was killed in battle on 18 January 1060. Later, in April–May 1061, Savtegin was part of the delegation sent to Baghdad to negotiate a marriage between Tughril and al-Qa'im's daughter Sayyida.
The Georgian Campaign was led by Alp Arslan who invaded Georgia in 1064.
The Georgian Campaign occurred in 1068 and was led by Alp Arslan of the Seljuk Empire.
The Battle of Vaspurakan was a battle between Seljuk and Byzantine forces in 1046 during which the Turks raided Vaspurakan and then defeated and captured its governor.
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 The Islamic World in Ascendancy: From the Arab Conquests to the Siege of Vienna. Martin Sicker. Greenwood Publishing Group. 2000.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Ayşe Beyza ERCAN. "THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE IN THE KINGDOM OF GEORGIA’S FOREIGN POLICY IN THE 11th CENTURY". Karadeniz Araştırmaları Enstitüsü Dergisi 11:331-344.
- 1 2 3 F. İnce, "SELÇUKLU-ERMENİ İLİŞKİLERİNDE MİLLET-İ SADIKA’NIN İZLERİ", Uluslararası Türkçe Edebiyat Kültür Eğitim (TEKE) Dergisi, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 0-0, Mar. 2016
- ↑ Turan, Osman., Ateş, Ahmed., Kafesoglu, Ibrahim., Kafesoğlu, İbrahim. A history of the Seljuks : İbrahim Kafesoğlu's interpretation and the resulting controversy. United States: Southern Illinois University Press, 1988.
- ↑ Toksoy, A. (2020). Selçukluların Batı (İran) Harekâtı . Atatürk Üniversitesi Türkiyat Araştırmaları Enstitüsü Dergisi, - (68), 367-376 .