The January Uprising was an insurrection principally in Russia's Kingdom of Poland that was aimed at putting an end to Russian occupation of part of Poland and regaining independence. It began on 22 January 1863 and continued until the last insurgents were captured by the Russian forces in 1864.
Józef Haller von Hallenburg was a Polish lieutenant general and legionary in the Polish Legions during the First World War. He was a harcmistrz, the president of the Polish Scouting and Guiding Association (ZHP), and a political and social activist. He was also the cousin of Stanisław Haller.
The Polish Legions was a name of the Polish military force established in August 1914 in Galicia soon after World War I erupted between the opposing alliances of the Triple Entente on one side and the Central Powers on the other side, comprising the German Empire and Austria-Hungary. The Legions became "a founding myth for the creation of modern Poland" in spite of their considerably short existence; they were replaced by the Polish Auxiliary Corps formation on 20 September 1916, merged with Polish II Corps in Russia on 19 February 1918 for the Battle of Rarańcza against Austria-Hungary, and disbanded following the military defeat at the Battle of Kaniów in May 1918, against Imperial Germany. General Haller escaped to France to form the Polish army in the West against the anti-Polish German-Bolshevik treaty.
Battle of Łowczówek was a battle during World War I, fought on 22–25 December 1914 at Łowczówek, between the First Brigade of the Polish Legions, fighting for Austria-Hungary, and troops of Imperial Russia. The First Brigade was supported by some units of Hungarian infantry and Austrian artillery. The Austro-Hungarian-Polish forces held back the developing Russian offensive in the region, which allowed the bulk of the Austrian army to avoid being surrounded and to withdraw, but had to yield their positions in the face of continued Russian attacks and the danger of being encircled itself.
The Battle of Słupcza took place on 8 February 1863 near the village of Słupcza, Congress Poland, during the January Uprising. Up to 100 Polish insurgents commanded by Leon Frankowski and Antoni Zdanowicz clashed on that day with a unit of the Imperial Russian Army. The skirmish was won by the Russians.
The Battle of Krzywosądz was one of the battles of the January Uprising. It took place in the village of Krzywosądz, Congress Poland, on 19 February 1863, when a poorly armed party of 500 Polish insurgents, under Ludwik Mierosławski, clashed with a 1,000 strong unit of the Imperial Russian Army.
The Battle of Dobra took place on February 24, 1863 near the village of Dobra, Russian-controlled Congress Poland. It was one of many skirmishes of the January Uprising, the anti-Russian rebellion of Poles.
The Battle of Mrzygłód took place on 1 March 1863 near the village of Mrzygłód, Russian-controlled Congress Poland. It was one of many skirmishes of the January Uprising, the anti-Russian rebellion of Poles. The battle resulted in Polish victory.
The Battle of Pieskowa Skała, one of many skirmishes of the January Uprising, took place on 4 March 1863 near Pieskowa Skała in southwestern corner of Russian-controlled Congress Poland. A party of Polish insurgents commanded by Marian Langiewicz, heading towards the border with Galicia, clashed with units of the Imperial Russian Army.
The Battle of Skala, one of many skirmishes of the January Uprising, took place on 5 March 1863 near the town of Skała in the southwestern corner of Russian-controlled Congress Poland. A party of 1,500 Polish insurgents commanded by Marian Langiewicz and Antoni Jezioranski, heading towards the border with Austrian Galicia, clashed with a 400-strong unit of the Imperial Russian Army. The Poles, who had a numerical superiority, managed to defeat the enemy.
The Battle of Chroberz, one of many skirmishes of the January Uprising, took place on March 17, 1863, near the village of Chroberz in southwestern corner of Russian-controlled Congress Poland. A party of 3000 Polish insurgents commanded by Marian Langiewicz, clashed with units of the Imperial Russian Army. The Poles managed to defeat the enemy, with heavy losses on both sides.
The Battle of Praszka, one of many skirmishes of the January Uprising, took place on 11 April 1863 near Praszka in southwestern corner of Russian-controlled Congress Poland. Polish forces under Jozef Oxinski clashed with troops of the Imperial Russian Army, commanded by Mayor Yakov Ogalin.
The Battle of Borowe Mlyny, one of many skirmishes of the January Uprising, took place on 16 April 1863 near the village of Borowe Mlyny in southeastern part of Russian-controlled Congress Poland. 300 Polish insurgents under Colonel Marcin Borelowski clashed with approximately 1,000 soldiers of the Imperial Russian Army.
The Second Battle of Nowa Wies was a skirmish of the January Uprising in the former Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth against the Russian Empire on 26 April 1863. It took place near the village of Nowa Wies, which at that time belonged to Russian-controlled Congress Poland. A thousand Polish insurgents under Frenchman Leon Young de Blankenheim were victorious over some seven hundred soldiers of the Imperial Russian Army.
The Battle of Kobylanka, one of many skirmishes of the January Uprising, took place on May 1 and May 6, 1863, in the Kobylanka Forest, located near the village of Borowiec, which at that time belonged to Russian-controlled Congress Poland. A Polish insurgent party of some 800, under Antoni Jezioranski, clashed here with a 1000-strong unit of the Imperial Russian Army.
The Battle of Huta Krzeszowska was one of many clashes of the January Uprising. It took place on 11 May 1863 near the village of Huta Krzeszowska, which at that time belonged to Russian Empire’s Congress Poland. Insurgent forces commanded by Antoni Jezioranski and Jozef Smiechowski clashed with a detachment of the Imperial Russian Army. The battle ended with Russian victory, after which Poles had to retreat to the nearby Austrian Galicia.
The Battle of Salicha was a clash between Polish insurgent forces and units of the Imperial Russian Army during the January Uprising. It took place on May 26, 1863 near the village of Salicha (Salikha), Russian Empire. Insurgent forces were commanded by Edmund Różycki, and the battle ended in Polish victory.
The Battle of Komorów, one of many clashes of the January Uprising, took place on 20 June 1863 near the village of Komorów, which at that time belonged to Russian-controlled Congress Poland. An insurgent unit under Zygmunt Jordan clashed with a detachment of the Imperial Russian Army. The battle ended in Russian victory.
The Second Battle of Chruślina, one of many clashes of the January Uprising, took place on August 4, 1863, near the village of Chruślina, which at that time belonged to Russian-controlled Congress Poland. An insurgent unit of 1,400 infantry and 200 cavalry under Michał Heydenreich clashed with a 1,300-strong detachment of the Imperial Russian Army. The battle ended in Polish victory, with Polish losses estimated at 2 dead and 30 wounded.
Wojciech Komorowski, born in Austro-Hungarian Empire, took part in the Second Italian War of Independence and in 1863 joined the Polish insurgents, where he distinguished himself during the expedition to Poryck. After the fall of the January Uprising, he led a quiet life on a farm and died in 1879 in Lwów at the age of just 39.
