Battle of Mammes | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Part of Byzantine–Moorish wars | |||||
| |||||
Belligerents | |||||
Byzantine Empire | Berbers | ||||
Commanders and leaders | |||||
Solomon Symmachus | Cutzinas Esdilasas Mesdinissas Iourphoutes | ||||
Strength | |||||
Unknown | Unknown, but higher than Byzantine numbers [1] | ||||
Casualties and losses | |||||
Unknown | 10,000 dead |
The Battle of Mammes or Battle of Mamma was an engagement between troops of the Byzantine Empire and an army of Moors in 534. [2] [3] [4] The Byzantines were led by Solomon. [2] [3] The Moors used a tactic that had worked well with Vandals, they made a circle of camels which scared Byzantine horses to such an extent that horse archery became impractical. [2] The Moors also hid some of their own cavalry in some nearby mountains. [2] Solomon anticipated the trap and sent men to the side of the circle not facing the mountains. [2] [5] Due to the Moor formation these were not able to do much damage and when the Moors charged the fighting turned against them. [2] Solomon then decided to attack the other side of the circle, predicting it to be weakened to such an extent that the hidden cavalry could not spring into action in time. [2] Solomon’s prediction was correct, the Byzantines quickly broke through. [2] They killed hundreds of camels, enslaved the Moor women and children and according to Procopius slew 10,000 men. [2] [5] The situation was not yet stabilized and the Moors soon returned but were decisively defeated at Mount Burgaon. [3]
The Battle of Ad Decimum took place on September 13, 533 between the armies of the Vandals, commanded by King Gelimer, and the Byzantine Empire, under the command of General Belisarius. This event and events in the following year are sometimes jointly referred to as the Battle of Carthage, one of several battles to bear that name. The Byzantine victory marked the beginning of the end for the Vandals and began the reconquest of the west under the Emperor Justinian I.
The Mares of Diomedes, also called the Mares of Thrace, were a herd of man-eating horses in Greek mythology. Magnificent, wild, and uncontrollable, they belonged to Diomedes of Thrace, king of Thrace, son of Ares and Cyrene who lived on the shores of the Black Sea. Bucephalus, Alexander the Great's horse, was said to be descended from these mares.
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The Kingdom of the Aurès was an independent Christian Berber kingdom primarily located in the Aurès Mountains of present-day north-eastern Algeria. Established in the 480s by King Masties following a series of Berber revolts against the Vandalic Kingdom, which had conquered the Roman province of Africa in 435 AD, Aurès would last as an independent realm until the Muslim conquest of the Maghreb in 703 AD when its last monarch, Queen Dihya, was slain in battle.
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The Tripolitania expedition or the Oea expedition was a battle in 523 between various nomadic Berber ("Moor") confederations of Tripolitania led by Cabaon which previously seized lots of territory from, and raided several settlements of the Vandal Kingdom, and king Thrasamund of the Vandals who was attempting to restore Vandalic control over the territories lost to the advancing Berber tribes. The battle ended in a decisive Berber victory, and a complete collapse of Vandalic control over much of Tripolitania.
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