| Battle of Nadaun | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of Mughal-Sikh Wars | |||||||
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
 Mandi State Guler Supported by  Dal Khalsa |  Mughal Empire | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
 Raja Shamsher SenRaja Govardhan Chand  Jassa Singh Ahluwalia |  Aziz Khan † | ||||||
The Battle of Nadaun was fought in August 1752 by the Mandi and Guler state led by the Rajas of the states and the Mughal Empire led by Aziz Khan, the steward of Mir Mannu. The Hill States were supported by the Sikhs led by Jassa Singh Ahluwalia.
During the rainy season of July-August 1752, Aziz Khan was sent by Mir Mannu to collect tribute from the hill chiefs and bring it to Lahore with him. [1] However, Aziz Khan on purpose set the tribute at a cost in which the hill chiefs couldn't pay him. Jassa Singh Ahluwalia was at Anandpur Sahib at the time. The rajas of Mandi and Guler requested help from the Sikh Sardar. He proceeded to Nadaun as the steward was present there and challenged him to a battle with a strong force. [2]
No decisive action took place on the first day since it was already nighttime. A fierce engagement took place the next day in which the hill states and the Dal Khalsa managed to defeat the imperial army and slay the steward. [3]
Mir Mannu was enraged at learning about the defeat and he wrote to Adina Beg to attack the Sikhs and defeat them. [2] The Sikhs were busy with the Hola Mohalla fair at Anandpur Sahib which gave Adina Beg a perfect opportunity to attack the Sikhs. [4] In the Battle of Anandpur (1753) the Mughals were defeated but managed to massacre a large number of innocent Sikhs. [5] [6] [7]
Dal Khalsa was the name of the combined military forces of 11 Sikh misls that operated in the 18th century (1748–1799) in the Punjab region. It was established by Nawab Kapur Singh in late 1740s.
Guru Nanak founded the Sikh religion in the Punjab region of the northern part of the Indian subcontinent in the 15th century and opposed many traditional practices like fasting, janeu, idolatry, caste system, ascetism, azan, economic materialism, and gender discrimination.
Jassa Singh Ramgarhia (1723–1803) was a prominent Sikh leader during the period of the Sikh Confederacy. He was the founder of the Ramgarhia Misl.
Jassa Singh Ahluwalia was a Sikh leader during the period of the Sikh Confederacy, being the Supreme Leader of the Dal Khalsa. He was also Misldar of the Ahluwalia Misl. This period was an interlude, lasting roughly from the time of the death of Banda Bahadur in 1716 to the founding of the Sikh Empire in 1801. He founded the Kapurthala State in 1772.
Baghel Singh was a Military general in the Punjab region in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent in the 18th century. He rose to prominence in the area around Sutlej and Yamuna. He joined the Singh Krora Misl, one of the misls during Sikh Confederacy. In 1765, Singh became the leader of the misl.
The second siege of Anandpur, also known as the second battle of Anandpur (1704), was a siege at Anandpur, between Sikhs and the Mughal governors, dispatched by Aurangzeb, Wazir Khan, Dilwaar Kahn and Zaberdast Khan, and aided by the vassal Rajas of the Sivalik Hills which lasted from May 1704 to 19 December 1704.
Vadda Ghalughara was the mass murder of unarmed Sikhs by the Afghan forces of the Durrani Empire during the years of Afghan influence in the Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent owing to the repeated incursions of Ahmad Shah Durrani in February 1762. It is distinguished from the Chhota Ghalughara. Mostly non-combatants were killed in the event, and an estimated that 10,000 to 50,000 Sikhs were killed on 5 February 1762.
Battle of Anandpur can refer to:
Adina Beg Khan was a Punjabi general and administrator who served as the last governor of the Punjab region of the Mughal Empire, including the provinces of Lahore and of Multan. He defeated Afghans after rising to power and was recognised as the Nawab of Punjab by Mughal emperor Alamgir II, who also gave him title of Jang Bahadur.
Ahmad Shah Durrani, the founder of the Durrani Empire, invaded Indian subcontinent for eight times between 1748 and 1767, following the collapse of Mughal Empire in the mid-18th century. His objectives were met through the raids and deepened the political crisis in India.
Ramgarhia Misl was a sovereign state (misl) in the Sikh Confederacy of Punjab region in present-day India and Pakistan. The misl's name is derived from Qila Ramgarh, a place located in Ramsar, near Amritsar, which was fortified and redesigned by Ramgarhia Misl chief Jassa Singh Ramgarhia. The Ramgarhia Misl was one of the twelve major Sikh misls, and held land near Amritsar.
The Battle of Delhi was fought between Khalsa Sikhs and the Mughal Empire in 1783.
The Battle of Mahilpur was fought between the Sikh Misls and Adina Beg Khan against the Durrani Empire in December 1757. Following the 4th invasion of Ahmad Shah Durrani, he appointed Timur Shah as the viceroy of Punjab with Jahan Khan as his deputy. The Afghans appointed Adina Beg Khan as the faujdar of the Jalandhar Doaba and exempted him from attending court at lahore, on the condition that Adina Beg pay revenue to the Afghan government. Soon a dispute regarding the payment of revenue occurred between Adina Beg and the Afghans. This dispute soon escalated which resulted in Jahan Khan sending an Afghan force to arrest Adina Beg. Adina Beg formed a military alliance with the Sikhs under the command of Jassa Singh Ahluwalia and Vadbhag Singh Sodhi. Adina Beg also gained the support of Sadiq Beg Khan, Khwaja Mirza Khan, and Raja Bhup Singh. Adina Beg along with the Sikh forces fought the Afghans at Mahilpur. The battle resulted in a victory for Adina Beg and the Sikhs and resulted in the entire Jalandhar Doaba being occupied and sacked by the Sikh forces.
The Hill States–Sikh wars, also known as the Sikh–Pahari Raja wars, was a set of battles and conflicts fought by the Sikhs and the rajas (kings) of the Hill States located in the Sivalik Hills.
The siege of Ram Rauni was a 4 months siege fought between the Sikh forces led by Jassa Singh Ahluwalia and the Mughal forces of Adina Beg, Dewan Kaura Mal, Mirza Aziz Khan and Bakhshi Nasir Ali Khan Jalandri.
The siege of Patiala was a 7-day siege fought between the Sikh forces led by Raja Amar Singh and Mughal forces led by Abdul Ahad Khan.
The Battle of Anandpur, also known as the Battle of Makhowal was fought on 5 March 1753 by the Sikh forces led by Jassa Singh Ahluwalia and Mughal forces led by Adina Beg. Large losses were sustained by the Sikh forces.
The Battle of Multan, also known as the Battle of Daurana Langana was fought in September 1749 by Kaura Mal's Mughal forces assisted by Jassa Singh Ahluwalia's Sikhs and the Mughal forces under Shah Nawaz Khan.
The Battle of Sodhra and Badra was fought in the second week of March 1748 by the Sikh forces led by Jassa Singh Ahluwalia and the Mughal forces led by Raja Gurdit Mal.
The Battle of Talwara was fought in 1770 by the Sikh forces led by Jassa Singh Ramgarhia and the Kangra forces led by Raja Ghamand Chand.