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Beatriz Galindo | |
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Born | c. 1465 |
Died | 23 November 1535 (aged 69–70) Madrid, Crown of Castile |
Occupation(s) | Writer, teacher of Latin and grammar for Isabella I of Castile |
Spouse | |
Children | 2 |
Beatriz Galindo, sometimes spelled Beatrix and also known as La Latina (c. 1465 – 23 November 1535), [1] was a Spanish Latinist and educator. She was a writer, humanist and a teacher of Queen Isabella of Castile and her children. She was one of the most educated women of her time. There is uncertainty about her date of birth; some authors believe it was 1464 or 1474. The La Latina neighborhood in Madrid is named after her.
Beatriz Galindo was born in Salamanca, into a family of Zamoran origin in the lower nobility of hidalgos; they had been wealthy but by the time of her birth were almost destitute.
Her family chose her among her sisters to become a nun, since she was fond of reading, and they allowed her to receive more education in grammar at one of the dependent institutions of the University of Salamanca to help her career before taking her vows, but her great skill in Latin set her on an academic career before she was twelve years old. It is likely that she was at one time a student of the great Spanish scholar Antonio de Nebrija. [2]
She was nicknamed La Latina for her skill in Latin, and was appointed tutor to the children of Queen Isabella of Castile. [3] She was tutor to five queens altogether: Isabella herself, her daughters Isabella and Maria (both queens of Portugal), Catherine of Aragon, the future wife of Henry VIII of England, and Joanna of Castile, the future wife of Philip of Habsburg and later known as Juana the Mad. [4]
She wrote in Latin, producing poetry and a commentary on Aristotle. [4]
In December 1491 she married royal adviser Francisco Ramirez de Madrid. [5] They had two children. [6]
She was one of the first women to be active in public life during the renaissance. It is reported that she dressed in the habit of a nun or abbess. [3] She founded the Hospital of the Holy Cross (Santa Cruz de Madrid) in 1506 in Madrid, which still exists. [3] She died in Madrid, aged about 70.
The neighbourhood in Madrid where she once lived is known today as La Latina from her nickname. There are statues of her in Salamanca and Madrid. There is a Beatriz Galindo Secondary School in Madrid. In Salamanca there is an early education and primary school that also takes her name.
The novel Falling Pomegranate Seeds: The Duty of Daughters by Wendy J. Dunn is inspired by her story. [7]
Catherine of Aragon was Queen of England as the first wife of King Henry VIII from their marriage on 11 June 1509 until its annulment on 23 May 1533. She was Princess of Wales while married to Henry's elder brother, Arthur, Prince of Wales, for a short period before his death.
Joanna, historically known as Joanna the Mad, was the nominal queen of Castile from 1504 and queen of Aragon from 1516 to her death in 1555. She was the daughter of Queen Isabella I of Castile and King Ferdinand II of Aragon. Joanna was married by arrangement to the Austrian archduke Philip the Handsome on 20 October 1496. Following the deaths of her elder brother John, elder sister Isabella, and nephew Miguel between 1497 and 1500, Joanna became the heir presumptive to the crowns of Castile and Aragon. When her mother died in 1504, she became queen of Castile. Her father proclaimed himself governor and administrator of Castile.
The Catholic Monarchs were Queen Isabella I of Castile and King Ferdinand II of Aragon, whose marriage and joint rule marked the de facto unification of Spain. They were both from the House of Trastámara and were second cousins, being both descended from John I of Castile; to remove the obstacle that this consanguinity would otherwise have posed to their marriage under canon law, they were given a papal dispensation by Sixtus IV. They married on October 19, 1469, in the city of Valladolid; Isabella was 18 years old and Ferdinand a year younger. Most scholars generally accept that the unification of Spain can essentially be traced back to the marriage of Ferdinand and Isabella. Their reign was called by W.H. Prescott "the most glorious epoch in the annals of Spain".
The University of Salamanca is a public research university in Salamanca, Spain. Founded in 1218 by King Alfonso IX, it is the oldest university in the Hispanic world and one of the oldest in the world in continuous operation. It has over 30,000 students from 50 different nationalities.
Henry IV of Castile, nicknamed the Impotent, was King of Castile and León and the last of the weak late-medieval kings of Castile and León. During Henry's reign, the nobles became more powerful and the nation became less centralised.
Andregoto Galíndez, of the County of Aragon, was the Queen of Pamplona by marriage to García Sánchez I, prior to being divorced by him before the year 940. She was the mother of Sancho II of Pamplona.
Ursula Germaine of Foix was an early modern French noblewoman from the House of Foix. By marriage to King Ferdinand II of Aragon, she was Queen of Aragon, Majorca, Naples, Sardinia, Sicily, and Valencia and Princess of Catalonia from 1505 to 1516 and Queen of Navarre from 1512 to 1516. She was Vicereine of Valencia from 1523 until her death in 1536, jointly with her second and third husbands, respectively Johann of Brandenburg-Ansbach and Ferdinand, Duke of Calabria. By her third marriage, she was Duchess of Calabria.
John, Prince of Asturias and Girona was the only son of King Ferdinand II of Aragon and Queen Isabella I of Castile, and heir apparent to both their thrones for nearly his entire life.
Toro is a town and municipality in the province of Zamora, part of the autonomous community of Castile and León, Spain. It is located on a fertile high plain, northwest of Madrid at an elevation of 740 metres (2,430 ft).
María de Salinas, Baroness Willoughby de Eresby was an English noblewoman and courtier from Spain. She was a confidante and lady-in-waiting to Catherine of Aragon, Queen of England.
The Crown of Castile was a medieval polity in the Iberian Peninsula that formed in 1230 as a result of the third and definitive union of the crowns and, some decades later, the parliaments of the kingdoms of Castile and León upon the accession of the then Castilian king, Ferdinand III, to the vacant Leonese throne. It continued to exist as a separate entity after the personal union in 1469 of the crowns of Castile and Aragon with the marriage of the Catholic Monarchs up to the promulgation of the Nueva Planta decrees by Philip V in 1716.
Isabella of Portugal was Queen of Castile and León as the second wife of King John II. She was the mother of Queen Isabella I of Castile.
Isabella, Princess of Asturias was the eldest daughter and heiress presumptive of King Ferdinand II of Aragon and Queen Isabella I of Castile. She was Queen of Portugal as the wife of King Manuel I from 30 September 1497 until her death the following year.
Latina is a district of Madrid located in the southwestern corner of the municipality.
Maria of Aragon was Queen of Portugal from 30 October 1500 until her death in 1517 as the second wife of King Manuel I. Manuel was the widower of Maria's elder sister, Isabella.
Ferdinand II, called Ferdinand the Catholic, was King of Aragon from 1479 until his death in 1516. As the husband of and co-ruler with Queen Isabella I of Castile, he was also King of Castile from 1475 to 1504. He reigned jointly with Isabella over a dynastically unified Spain; together they are known as the Catholic Monarchs. Ferdinand is considered the de facto first king of Spain, and was described as such during his reign, even though, legally, Castile and Aragon remained two separate kingdoms until they were formally united by the Nueva Planta decrees issued between 1707 and 1716.
Isabella I, also called Isabella the Catholic, was Queen of Castile and León from 1474 until her death in 1504. She was also Queen of Aragon from 1479 until her death as the wife of King Ferdinand II. Reigning together over a dynastically unified Spain, Isabella and Ferdinand are known as the Catholic Monarchs.
Francisco Ramírez de Madrid was a Spanish artillery officer, counselor of the Catholic Monarchs and Secretary of King Ferdinand II of Aragon.
Beatriz de Bobadilla y Ulloa-Ossorio was the daughter of Juan de Bobadilla and named after his cousin Beatriz de Bobadilla. Beatriz de Bobadilla y Ossorio was married to ruler of the La Gomera and El Hierro islands, Lord Hernán Peraza the Younger and after his death she succeeded him as ruler.
Luisa de Medrano y Bravo de Lagunas was a Basque-Castilian poet, philosopher, professor, and scholar from the Kingdom of Castile, she became the first female professor in Spain and Europe at the University of Salamanca. Luisa de Medrano belonged to the group of Renaissance women called by their contemporaries "puellae doctae". The Hall of Cloisters of the Higher Schools of the University of Salamanca is named "Lucía de Medrano" in honor of her, and the Castilla-La Mancha Community Board created the Castilla-La Mancha International Award for gender equality called "Luisa de Medrano” in 2015.