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Barbie is a fashion doll manufactured by American toy company Mattel, Inc. and launched on March 9, 1959. American businesswoman Ruth Handler is credited with the creation of the doll using a German doll called Bild Lilli as her inspiration.
A doll is a model typically of a human or humanoid character, often used as a toy for children. Dolls have also been used in traditional religious rituals throughout the world. Traditional dolls made of materials such as clay and wood are found in the Americas, Asia, Africa and Europe. The earliest documented dolls go back to the ancient civilizations of Egypt, Greece, and Rome. They have been made as crude, rudimentary playthings as well as elaborate art. Modern doll manufacturing has its roots in Germany, from the 15th century. With industrialization and new materials such as porcelain and plastic, dolls were increasingly mass-produced. During the 20th century, dolls became increasingly popular as collectibles.
A dollhouse or doll's house is a toy home made in miniature. Since the early 20th century dollhouses have primarily been the domain of children, but their collection and crafting is also a hobby for many adults. English-speakers in North America commonly use the term dollhouse, but in the United Kingdom and other English-speaking countries the term is doll's house. They are often built to put dolls in.
Skipper Roberts is a doll created by Mattel in 1964 to be Barbie's younger sister.
Since Barbie's introduction as a teenage fashion model in 1959, the doll has been portrayed with many careers. Dolls are sold with sets of clothes and accessories that fit the career being portrayed. For example, the Lifeguard Barbie playset includes a Barbie, an outfit with shoes, a lifeguard chair, a dolphin, and a life preserver, while the Spanish Teacher Barbie includes a Barbie, an outfit with shoes, flashcards, a Spanish quiz, an easel, a notebook, a key chain, and a hairbrush. Each career is created to give children the option of exploring new careers and help them learn new things. For example, Barbie went to the moon, in 1965, before Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin did in 1969. She even was an executive in 1963 when it was uncommon for females to be in that male-dominated field.
Maurizio Gucci was an Italian businessman and the one-time head of the Gucci fashion house. He was the son of actor Rodolfo Gucci, and grandson of the company's founder Guccio Gucci. On 27 March 1995 he was assassinated by a hitman hired by his former wife Patrizia Reggiani.
Fashion photography is a genre of photography which is devoted to displaying clothing and other fashion items, sometimes haute couture. It typically consists of a fashion photographer taking a picture of a dressed model in a photographic studio or an outside setting. It originates from the clothing and fashion industries, and while some of fashion photography has been elevated as art, it is still primarily used for clothing, perfumes and beauty products.
Details was an American monthly men's magazine that was published by Condé Nast, founded in 1982 by Annie Flanders. Though primarily a magazine devoted to fashion and lifestyle, Details also featured reports on relevant social and political issues. In November 2015 Condé Nast announced that the magazine would cease publication with the issue of December 2015/January 2016.
Tammy was a 12" fashion doll created by the Ideal Toy Company that debuted at the 1962 International Toy Fair. Advertised as "The Doll You Love to Dress", Tammy was portrayed as a young American teenager, more "girl next door" than the cosmopolitan image of Mattel's Barbie, or American Character's Tressy.
Ideal Toy Company was an American toy company founded by Morris Michtom and his wife, Rose. During the post–World War II baby boom era, Ideal became the largest doll-making company in the United States. Their most popular dolls included Betsy Wetsy, Toni, Saucy Walker, Shirley Temple, Miss Revlon, Patti Playpal, Tammy, Thumbelina, Tiny Thumbelina, and Crissy. The company is also known for selling the Rubik's Cube.
The Bild Lilli doll was a German fashion doll launched on August 12, 1955, and produced until 1964. Its design was based on the comic-strip character Lilli, created by Reinhard Beuthien for the German tabloid newspaper Bild. The doll was made of polystyrene, came in two sizes, and had an available wardrobe of 1950s fashion. The Lilli doll was copied, and altered to some degree, for Mattel upon the direction of that company's co-founder, Ruth Handler. Mattel acquired the rights to Bild Lilli in 1964, and production of the German doll ceased, in favor of Mattel's new vinyl doll, which they called Barbie.
Gene Marshall is a 15.5 inch tall collectible fashion doll inspired by Hollywood's Golden Age. It was created by the illustrator Mel Odom. Each doll features an intricate movie-styled theme based upon fashions from the 1930s, 1940s and 1950s as well as Hollywood's version of historical costuming.
Teen Talk Barbie is an edition of Mattel's Barbie doll, introduced in 1992, that incorporates a voice box to speak one of four randomly selected phrases when a button is pushed. It became controversial because one of the phrases was "Math class is tough", and was also later used for a protest wherein some dolls had the voice boxes exchanged with those for Talking Duke G.I. Joe action figures produced by Hasbro.
Marco Glaviano is an Italian photographer and architect, who has worked for leading fashion magazines and brands on both sides of the Atlantic, and with many of the world's best known models. He has been a pioneer of digital photography, being the first to publish a digital picture in American Vogue in 1982. His photographs of fashion, celebrities, landscapes, and jazz have appeared in numerous museums and are represented in private and public collections worldwide. He is the co-founder of Pier 59 Studios in New York City, which he also helped design.
Monster High is an American multimedia-supported fashion doll franchise created by toy designer Garrett Sander and launched by Mattel in 2010. The show is aimed at children ages 7-14, the franchise features characters inspired by monster movies, sci-fi horror, thriller fiction, folklore, myths and popular culture, centering around the adventures of the teenage children of monsters and other mythical creatures attending a high school of the same name.
Mdvanii was originally conceived as a conceptual art and fashion doll for adults by artist BillyBoy*. Since 1990 it has been a collaboration with his life partner, artist Jean Pierre Lestrade. The 25 cm (9.8 in) tall doll was originally made in a matte Caron make-up toned hard resin. Mdvanii debuted on February 14, 1989 in London, England.
Astolat Dollhouse Castle is a museum-quality dollhouse, which was appraised as "the most valuable dollhouse in the world," at $8.5 million in 2015.
BillyBoy* is an American artist, socialite and fashion designer who was a muse of Andy Warhol. Born in Vienna, he was adopted by a Russian couple who moved to New York City when he was four.
American singer-songwriter Madonna is considered a fashion and style icon. Fashion critics, designers and scholars have examined her influence in fashion from different stages. Her connection with the fashion community was labeled a symbiotic relationship and helped shape views on her. Madonna's industry ventures include owning fashion brands and appearing at events such as the Met Gala.
References
- 1 2 M. G. Lord (1995). Forever Barbie: the unauthorized biography of a real doll. Avon Books. ISBN 978-0-380-72049-1 . Retrieved November 12, 2012.
- ↑ Here Publishing (November 9, 1999). The Advocate. Here Publishing. pp. 54–. ISSN 0001-8996 . Retrieved November 12, 2012.
- 1 2 3 New York Media, LLC (March 9, 1987). New York Magazine. New York Media, LLC. pp. 40–. ISSN 0028-7369 . Retrieved November 12, 2012.
- ↑ David Stenn (August 1, 1988). Clara Bow: runnin' wild. Doubleday. ISBN 978-0-385-24125-0 . Retrieved November 13, 2012.
- 1 2 Toni Schlesinger (March 9, 2006). Five Flights Up and Other New York Apartment Stories. Princeton Architectural Press. pp. 18–. ISBN 978-1-56898-585-5 . Retrieved November 13, 2012.
- ↑ Patrick Mcgilligan (September 14, 2004). Alfred Hitchcock: A Life in Darkness and Light. HarperCollins. pp. 811–. ISBN 978-0-06-098827-2 . Retrieved November 13, 2012.
- ↑ Vanity Fair. Condé Nast Publications. 1996. Retrieved November 13, 2012.