Behrokh Khoshnevis

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Behrokh Khoshnevis
Born
Behrokh Khoshnevis
OccupationProfessor at the USC
Known forThe invention of Contour Crafting
Website www.bkhoshnevis.com//

Behrokh Khoshnevis is the President and CEO of Contour Crafting Corporation and the Louise L. Dunn Distinguished Professor of Engineering at the University of Southern California (USC), where he has affiliations with the Aerospace & Mechanical Engineering, Astronautics Engineering, Civil & Environmental Engineering and Industrial & Systems Engineering departments. He is the Director of the Center for Rapid Automated Fabrication Technologies (CRAFT) at USC. He is a Member of the National Academy of Engineering, a Fellow Member of the National Academy of Inventors and is a Fellow of the American Society for the Advancement of Science. He is also a Fellow member of the Society for Computer Simulation International, a Fellow member of the Institute of Industrial & Systems Engineering and a Fellow member of the Society of Manufacturing Engineers. He is also a NASA Innovative Advanced Concepts (NIAC) Fellow. [1]

Contents

He is active in CAD/CAM-, robotics- and mechatronics-related research [2] projects that include the development of three novel 3D printing processes called Contour Crafting, [3] SIS [4] and SSS.

In 2017 Khoshnevis was recognized by the Connected World Magazine as one of top 10 academic pioneers in Internet of Things (IoT), joining, for example, Elon Musk as another IoT pioneer.

Khoshnevis' inventions have received worldwide attention by the acclaimed media such as The New York Times , [5] Los Angeles Times, [6] Business Week, Der Spiegel, [7] New Scientist, [8] and national and international television and radio networks.

Education

Khoshnevis received his B.S. degree in Industrial Engineering from Sharif University of Technology in 1974. He received his M.S. in 1975 and his Ph.D. in Industrial Engineering and Management from Oklahoma State University in 1979. [9]

Academic life

Khoshnevis's educational activities at USC include the teaching of a graduate course on Invention and Technology Development. He routinely conducts lectures and seminars on the subject of invention. He has supervised 34 Ph.D. theses and 4 post-doctoral researchers at USC. [10]

Inventions

Khoshnevis holds more than 100 patents worldwide in the fields of robotics, automation, fabrication technologies, oil and gas and renewable energy technologies, mechatronics systems for biomedical applications, tactile sensing devices, etc.

Contour Crafting

Contour Crafting (CC) is a layered fabrication technology that can be used in automated construction of whole structures as well as subcomponents. Using this process, a single house or a colony of houses, each with possibly a different design, may be automatically constructed in a single run, imbedded in each house all the conduits for electrical, plumbing and air-conditioning [11]

SIS

SIS is an additive manufacturing (AM) technology in which parts are built layer-by-layer from a powder base material. The core idea of the SIS process is the prevention of selected areas of powder layers from sintering. SIS may be considered a contrary approach to the Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) process in which selected areas of powder are sintered by a fine laser beam. SIS takes advantage of bulk sintering in the body of the part, while inhibiting sintering at the part boundaries [12] . [13]

Awards, achievements and media

In 2014, Khoshnevis was selected as the recipient of the Grand Prize of the Creating the Future design contest for invention of the Contour Crafting robotic construction technology. The program was organized by NASA Tech Briefs Media Group and sponsored by major industries including Intel and HP. The Grand Prize was given to only one of the more than 1000 globally competing technologies. [14] [15]

Contour Crafting was selected as one of the top 25 out of more than 4000 candidate inventions by the History Channel Modern Marvels program and the National Inventor's Hall of Fame; and has been identified as one of the major disruptive technologies of our time. [16] Contour Crafting has been exhibited at numerous museums worldwide.

In 2016 Khoshnevis' other invention, SSS, won another NASA international top prize for the In-Situ Challenge Competition which concerned technologies that can build structures on the Moon and Mars out of local planetary materials. Khoshnevis proposed a proven approach using his SSS technology for autonomous construction of landing pads and roads as well as fabrication of interlocking bricks and other objects such as metallic tools and spare parts using in-situ materials [17]

Khoshnevis' inventions have received worldwide attention media such as The New York Times , [5] Los Angeles Times, [6] Business Week, Der Spiegel, [7] New Scientist, and national and international television and radio networks.

In 2012, he featured in a TEDx presentation on automated construction has been ranked by the TED organization as one of top five among more than 30,000 TEDx talks and has been viewed over a million times (as of Dec 2013) and counting. [18] Khoshnevis was awarded Fellow status, NASA Innovative Advanced Concept (NIAC), 2011.

In 2018, he received the Pioneering award during the first RILEM digital concrete conference for its outstanding contribution to the field of concrete digital fabrication.

In 2019, he was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering for innovations in manufacturing and construction, including the application of 3D printing methods.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sintering</span> Process of forming and bonding material by heat or pressure

Sintering or frittage is the process of compacting and forming a solid mass of material by pressure or heat without melting it to the point of liquefaction. Sintering happens as part of a manufacturing process used with metals, ceramics, plastics, and other materials. The nanoparticles in the sintered material diffuse across the boundaries of the particles, fusing the particles together and creating a solid piece.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Powder metallurgy</span> Process of sintering metal powders

Powder metallurgy (PM) is a term covering a wide range of ways in which materials or components are made from metal powders. PM processes can reduce or eliminate the need for subtractive processes in manufacturing, lowering material losses and reducing the cost of the final product.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Selective laser sintering</span> 3D printing technique

Selective laser sintering (SLS) is an additive manufacturing (AM) technique that uses a laser as the power and heat source to sinter powdered material, aiming the laser automatically at points in space defined by a 3D model, binding the material together to create a solid structure. It is similar to selective laser melting; the two are instantiations of the same concept but differ in technical details. SLS is a relatively new technology that so far has mainly been used for rapid prototyping and for low-volume production of component parts. Production roles are expanding as the commercialization of AM technology improves.

Contour crafting is a building printing technology being researched by Behrokh Khoshnevis of the University of Southern California's Information Sciences Institute that uses a computer-controlled crane or gantry to build edifices rapidly and efficiently with substantially less manual labor. It was originally conceived as a method to construct molds for industrial parts. Khoshnevis decided to adapt the technology for rapid home construction as a way to rebuild after natural disasters, like the devastating earthquakes that have plagued his native Iran.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">3D printing</span> Additive process used to make a three-dimensional object

3D printing or additive manufacturing is the construction of a three-dimensional object from a CAD model or a digital 3D model. It can be done in a variety of processes in which material is deposited, joined or solidified under computer control, with the material being added together, typically layer by layer.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NASA Institute for Advanced Concepts</span> NASA program

The NASA Institute for Advanced Concepts (NIAC) is a NASA program for development of far reaching, long term advanced concepts by "creating breakthroughs, radically better or entirely new aerospace concepts". The program operated under the name NASA Institute for Advanced Concepts from 1998 until 2007, and was reestablished in 2011 under the name NASA Innovative Advanced Concepts and continues to the present. The NIAC program funds work on revolutionary aeronautics and space concepts that can dramatically impact how NASA develops and conducts its missions.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rapid prototyping</span> Group of techniques to quickly construct physical objects

Rapid prototyping is a group of techniques used to quickly fabricate a scale model of a physical part or assembly using three-dimensional computer aided design (CAD) data. Construction of the part or assembly is usually done using 3D printing or "additive layer manufacturing" technology.

Digital modeling and fabrication is a design and production process that combines 3D modeling or computing-aided design (CAD) with additive and subtractive manufacturing. Additive manufacturing is also known as 3D printing, while subtractive manufacturing may also be referred to as machining, and many other technologies can be exploited to physically produce the designed objects.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Powder bed and inkjet head 3D printing</span> 3D printing technique

Binder jet 3D printing, known variously as "Powder bed and inkjet" and "drop-on-powder" printing, is a rapid prototyping and additive manufacturing technology for making objects described by digital data such as a CAD file. Binder jetting is one of the seven categories of additive manufacturing processes according to ASTM and ISO.

Laser Rapid Manufacturing (LRM) is one of the advanced additive manufacturing processes that is capable of fabricating engineering components directly from a solid model.

Construction 3D Printing (c3Dp) or 3D construction Printing (3DCP) refers to various technologies that use 3D printing as a core method to fabricate buildings or construction components. Alternative terms for this process include "additive construction." "3D Concrete" refers to concrete extrusion technologies whereas Autonomous Robotic Construction System (ARCS), large-scale additive manufacturing (LSAM), and freeform construction (FC) refer to other sub-groups.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fused filament fabrication</span> 3D printing process

Fused filament fabrication (FFF), also known as fused deposition modeling, or filament freeform fabrication, is a 3D printing process that uses a continuous filament of a thermoplastic material. Filament is fed from a large spool through a moving, heated printer extruder head, and is deposited on the growing work. The print head is moved under computer control to define the printed shape. Usually the head moves in two dimensions to deposit one horizontal plane, or layer, at a time; the work or the print head is then moved vertically by a small amount to begin a new layer. The speed of the extruder head may also be controlled to stop and start deposition and form an interrupted plane without stringing or dribbling between sections. "Fused filament fabrication" was coined by the members of the RepRap project to give an acronym (FFF) that would be legally unconstrained in its use.

Digital manufacturing is an integrated approach to manufacturing that is centered around a computer system. The transition to digital manufacturing has become more popular with the rise in the quantity and quality of computer systems in manufacturing plants. As more automated tools have become used in manufacturing plants it has become necessary to model, simulate, and analyze all of the machines, tooling, and input materials in order to optimize the manufacturing process. Overall, digital manufacturing can be seen sharing the same goals as computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM), flexible manufacturing, lean manufacturing, and design for manufacturability (DFM). The main difference is that digital manufacturing was evolved for use in the computerized world.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Applications of 3D printing</span>

In recent years, 3D printing has developed significantly and can now perform crucial roles in many applications, with the most common applications being manufacturing, medicine, architecture, custom art and design, and can vary from fully functional to purely aesthetic applications.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">3D printing processes</span> List of 3D printing processes

A variety of processes, equipment, and materials are used in the production of a three-dimensional object via additive manufacturing. 3D printing is also known as additive manufacturing, because the numerous available 3D printing process tend to be additive in nature, with a few key differences in the technologies and the materials used in this process.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ian Gibson (professor)</span>

Ian Gibson is a Professor of Design Engineering at the University of Twente. Gibson was selected as the scientific director of Fraunhofer Project Center at the University of Twente and is a recipient of lifetime achievement award, the Freeform and Additive Manufacturing Award. His main areas of research are in at the additive manufacturing, multi-material systems, micro-RP, Rapid Prototyping, Medical Modelling and tissue engineering.

Material extrusion-based additive manufacturing (EAM) represents one of the seven categories of 3d printing processes, defined by the ISO international standard 17296-2. While it is mostly used for plastics, under the name of FDM or FFF, it can also be used for metals and ceramics. In this AM process category, the feedstock materials are mixtures of a polymeric binder and a fine grain solid powder of metal or ceramic materials. Similar type of feedstock is also used in the Metal Injection Molding (MIM) and in the Ceramic Injection Molding (CIM) processes. The extruder pushes the material towards a heated nozzle thanks to

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Behnaz Farahi</span> Iranian-born American architect and designer

Behnaz Farahi is an Iranian-born American interdisciplinary designer and educator whose work melds architecture, fashion, interaction design, computational design, wearable technology and the human body. Her designs often explore the possibilities of human interaction with the environment and how technology can facilitate this interplay. Her work engages with the human body's relationship to its surroundings and how wearable technology can respond to, or be influenced by stimuli such as human emotions or environmental factors. Leveraging technology and art, Farahi's works are commentaries on power dynamics, society, and identity, frequently drawing inspiration from her cultural background and Western theories and practices, underpinned by theoretical concepts including socio-political feminist theory and anthropology.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">3D food printing</span> 3D printing techniques to make food

3D food printing is the process of manufacturing food products using a variety of additive manufacturing techniques. Most commonly, food grade syringes hold the printing material, which is then deposited through a food grade nozzle layer by layer. The most advanced 3D food printers have pre-loaded recipes on board and also allow the user to remotely design their food on their computers, phones or some IoT device. The food can be customized in shape, color, texture, flavor or nutrition, which makes it very useful in various fields such as space exploration and healthcare.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">3D concrete printing</span>

3D concrete printing, or simply concrete printing, refers to digital fabrication processes for cementitious materials based on one of several different 3D printing technologies. 3D-printed concrete eliminates the need for formwork, reducing material waste and allowing for greater geometric freedom in complex structures. With recent developments in mix design and 3D printing technology over the last decade, 3D concrete printing has grown exponentially since its emergence in the 1990s. Architectural and structural applications of 3D-printed concrete include the production of building blocks, building modules, street furniture, pedestrian bridges, and low-rise residential structures.

References

  1. ↑ "Lunar Settlement: Piecing Together a Full Moon Picture".
  2. ↑ - Behrokh Khoshnevis
  3. ↑ "- Contour Crafting". Archived from the original on April 22, 2012. Retrieved October 27, 2014.
  4. ↑ "- SIS". Archived from the original on October 27, 2014. Retrieved October 27, 2014.
  5. 1 2 Wertheim, Margaret (March 11, 2004). "Robots That Build (but Still Won't Do Windows)". The New York Times.
  6. 1 2 "Houses built by robot? If scientist gets his way" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on March 26, 2014. Retrieved October 28, 2014.
  7. 1 2 "Häuser aus dem Drucker". Der Spiegel. January 21, 2007.
  8. ↑ "Robot builder could 'print' houses" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on March 26, 2014. Retrieved October 28, 2014.
  9. ↑ USC – Viterbi School of Engineering – Behrokh Khoshnevis
  10. ↑ Doctoral Advisees | Dr. Behrokh Khoshnevis | Behrokh Khoshnevis is a professor of Industrial & Systems Engineering and Civil & Environmental Engineering, and is the Director o...
  11. ↑ Khoshnevis, Behrokh (2004). "Automated construction by contour crafting—related robotics and information technologies". Automation in Construction. 13 (1): 5–19. CiteSeerX   10.1.1.652.3193 . doi:10.1016/j.autcon.2003.08.012.
  12. ↑ U.S. Patent WO2001038061A (“Process of making a three-dimensional object”)
  13. ↑ U.S. Patent EP1534461B1 (“Metallic parts fabrication using selective inhibition of sintering (sis)”)
  14. ↑ "Computerized 3D Construction Method Wins Global Design Contest".
  15. ↑ "NASA Tech Briefs 2014 Winners".
  16. ↑ "Robotic Construction by Contour Crafting" (PDF).
  17. ↑ Blumenthal, Amy (April 4, 2016). "New 3D printing process could lead to construction on Mars and the moon". USC News. University of Southern California . Retrieved September 2, 2023.
  18. ↑ "Contour Crafting: Automated Construction: Behrokh Khoshnevis at TEDxOjai". YouTube . Archived from the original on December 21, 2021.
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