Benjamin Calvin Bubar Sr. (1878-July 4, 1967) was an American United Baptist minister and politician from Maine. After studying Billy Sunday, Bubar was a leading fundamentalist leader in Maine. [1]
Bubar was born in Blaine, Maine and educated in public schools as well as at Ricker Classical Institute. A United Baptist, he was the first ordained minister of that church in the state. He had six children. [1] His children were also staunch temperance activists and involved in politics. His namesake, Benjamin Bubar Jr., was twice the Prohibition Party's nominee for President (1976 and 1980). [2] One of his daughters, Rachel Bubar Kelly, was the Prohibition Party's nominee for vice-president in 1996. His youngest child, Paul Bubar, was one of the founders of Word of Life Fellowship.
He was the author of the first anti-evolution bill submitted to the Maine Legislature. A fierce prohibitionist, in 1911 he published a book, The Devil Let Loose in Maine about the problems of alcohol in the State. [3] A biographical sketch published by the Maine Legislature said that the book "did much to defeat" repeal of the Maine's prohibition of the sale of alcohol in 1911. [1]
During the 1920s, Bubar worked with the Ku Klux Klan in Maine and, December 1925, went on a speaking tour of his native Aroostook County coordinated by Klan leader DeForest H. Perkins. In 1936, the Bangor Daily News described him as "widely known in Maine as a Ku Klux Klan orator." [4]
He was a follower of Francis Townsend, a physician who advocated for old age pensions during the Great Depression. [5]
He was elected to the Maine House of Representatives in 1934 as a Republican. He served from 1949 to 1952 as a Progressive. He ran for governor as an Independent in 1936, finishing in third place of three with 1.89% of the vote. He was elected again to the House in 1950 and 1952. [6] In 1951, he was known for making a passionate but ultimately failed plea in favor of an income tax over a sales tax. [5]
The Ku Klux Klan, commonly shortened to the KKK or the Klan, is the name of several historical and current American white supremacist, far-right terrorist organizations and hate groups. The Klan was "the first organized terror movement in American history." Their primary targets are African Americans, Hispanics, Jews, Latinos, Asian Americans, Native Americans, Italian Americans, Irish Americans, and Catholics, as well as immigrants, leftists, homosexuals, Muslims, atheists, and abortion providers.
The 1924 United States presidential election was the 35th quadrennial presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 4, 1924. In a three-way contest, incumbent Republican President Calvin Coolidge won election to a full term. Coolidge was the second vice president to ascend to the presidency and then win a full term.
Frederick Hale was the United States senator from Maine from 1917 to 1941. He was the son of Eugene Hale and the grandson of Zachariah Chandler, both also U.S. senators. He was the brother of diplomat Chandler Hale, and the cousin of U.S. Representative Robert Hale.
William David Upshaw served eight years in Congress (1919–1927), where he was such a strong proponent of the temperance movement that he became known as the "driest of the drys." In Congress, Upshaw was a staunch defender of the Ku Klux Klan, which was founded in his congressional district, and lost reelection because of major KKK scandals in the mid-1920s. In 1932, he ran for President of the United States on the Prohibition Party ticket, finishing the race in fifth place.
Benjamin Calvin Bubar Jr., also known as Ben Bubar, was an ordained minister who was the youngest person ever to win election to the Maine House of Representatives at age twenty-one and served as the Prohibition Party's presidential candidate in 1976 and 1980 and was the last elected official to do so until James Hedges in 2016.
Daisy Douglas Barr was Imperial Empress (leader) of the Indiana Women's Ku Klux Klan (WKKK) in the early 1920s and an active member of the Women's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU). People were associated with both the KKK and the WCTU because the Ku Klux Klan was a very strong supporter and defender of temperance and National Prohibition. Professionally, she was a Quaker minister in two prominent churches, First Friends Church of New Castle, Indiana, and Friends Memorial Church in Muncie, Indiana. She served as the vice-chair of the Republican Committee in Indiana as well as president of the Indiana War Mother's organization. She was killed in a car wreck and her funeral was held in a Friends meeting.
Arthur Robinson Gould was an American industrialist involved in lumber, railroads, hydroelectricity, and other large scale industry in Aroostook County, Maine and the neighboring Canadian province of New Brunswick from the 1880s until his death in 1946. From 1926 to 1931, he served as a Republican United States senator from Maine. Prior to being elected to the Senate, he had stated that he was in favor of maintaining the Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution which banned the manufacture, sale, or transportation of alcohol. However, once in office, he became nationally known for writing in favor of the legalization of wine and beer.
Jonathan McMillan Davis was an American politician and the 22nd Governor of Kansas.
William Frederick Varney was an American politician who served as the Prohibition Party's presidential candidate in 1928 and in other New York campaigns.
William Robinson Pattangall was an American politician from Maine. He was particularly known for his support of public schools and opposition to the Ku Klux Klan. He was later the Chief Justice of the Maine Supreme Judicial Court retiring on July 16, 1935.
Mark Alton Barwise was one of the only publicly practicing member of the Spiritualist religion known to have been elected to a state office in the United States. Born in Chester, Maine of a mediumistic mother, Barwise became an attorney and nationally prominent member of the National Spiritualist Association (N.S.A.). He wrote extensively on spiritualism, represented the church in court cases, served on its board of trustees, and became Curator of its Bureau of Phenomenal Evidence. Despite his leadership position in a religion outside the American mainstream, he was elected to the Maine House of Representatives from Bangor in 1921-24, and in 1925-26 to the Maine State Senate.
Although the Ku Klux Klan is most often associated with white supremacy, the revived Klan of the 1920s was also anti-Catholic. In the U.S. state of Maine, with a small African-American population but a burgeoning number of Acadian, French-Canadian and Irish immigrants, the Klan revival of the 1920s was a Protestant nativist movement directed against the Catholic minority as well as African-Americans. For a period in the mid-1920s, the Klan captured elements of the Maine Republican Party, even helping to elect a governor, Ralph Owen Brewster.
DeForest Henry Perkins was an American educator, real estate developer, and political activist who was the Grand Dragon of the Ku Klux Klan in Maine from 1925 to 1928. Perkins served as Superintendent of Portland Public Schools from 1911 – 1918. He was then hired as secretary of the Portland Chamber of Commerce from 1918 – 1921. During his time as Grand Dragon, the Klan experienced both its peak in political strength before dramatically declining. of the Klan's ascendency nationally, and in Maine. He resigned in 1928 after a Klan-backed Republican candidate for U.S. Senator, Ralph Owen Brewster, lost his primary contest to Sen. Frederick Hale, signaling the eclipse of the Klan as a force in Maine politics.
Hodgdon Charles Buzzell was an American lawyer and politician from Maine. Buzzell, a Republican from Belfast, was elected to six terms in the Maine Legislature, including four in the Maine House of Representatives and two in the Maine Senate. Backed by the Ku Klux Klan, Buzzell unsuccessfully sought the Republican nomination for United States Senate in a special election in 1926.
Frank George Farrington was an American lawyer and politician from Maine. Farrington, a Republican from Augusta, severed four terms in the Maine Legislature, including two in the Maine House of Representatives and two in the Maine Senate. He lost the Republican gubernatorial primary in 1924 to Ku Klux Klan-backed Ralph Owen Brewster by just 581 votes.
The 1928 United States presidential election in Alabama took place on November 6, 1928, as part of the 1928 United States presidential election, which was held throughout all contemporary forty-eight states. Voters chose twelve representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president. This was the last election in which Alabama had twelve electoral votes: the Great Migration caused the state to lose congressional districts after the 1930 Census produced the first Congressional redistricting since 1911.
The 1928 United States presidential election in Florida was held on November 6, 1928, as part of the 1928 United States presidential election held throughout all contemporary forty-eight states. Florida voters chose six electors, or representatives to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.
The Christian Civic League of Maine is a political lobbying group founded to support prohibition of alcohol and later advocating for various conservative Christian policies in the government of the US state of Maine. It is the Focus on the Family affiliate organization for Maine, and its policy priorities today resemble that of this parent organization. It has worked to oppose same-sex marriage and adoption, to censor pornography, to oppose gambling, to legally permit LGBT employment discrimination, and to support conversion therapy.
Frank Eugene Farnsworth (1868–1926) was an American political organizer who was best known for being King Kleagle of the Ku Klux Klan in Maine. Based in Portland, Maine, Farnsworth recruited thousands of men and women to the Ku Klux Klan during the group's peak from 1923 to 1924.
John Gilpatric Smith was an American politician from Maine. Smith was elected mayor of Saco, Maine in 1924 during the peak of electoral success for the Ku Klux Klan in Maine politics. He was appointed Commissioner of Banking by Governor Owen Brewster in 1927. He, along with Governor Owen Brewster, State Senator Hodgdon Buzzell were among the most prominent of the state's politicians who were supported by the Klan.