ETA, an acronym for Euskadi Ta Askatasuna, was an armed Basque nationalist and far-left separatist organization in the Basque Country between 1959 and 2018, with its goal being independence for the region. The group was founded in 1959 during the era of Francoist Spain, and later evolved from a pacifist group promoting traditional Basque culture to a violent paramilitary group. It engaged in a campaign of bombings, assassinations, and kidnappings throughout Spain and especially the Southern Basque Country against the regime, which was highly centralised and hostile to the expression of non-Castilian minority identities. ETA was the main group within the Basque National Liberation Movement and was the most important Basque participant in the Basque conflict.
Gara is a bilingual (Basque/Spanish) leftwing Basque Nationalist newspaper published in the city of Donostia-San Sebastián in the Basque Autonomous Community. The newspaper's target market comprises the area of the Basque Country, but its circulation is largely constrained to the Southern Basque territory (Spain), since Spanish is mainly used rather than French.
Abertzale is a Basque term usually referring to people or political groups who are associated with Basque nationalism.
Egunkaria for thirteen years was the only fully Basque language newspaper in circulation until it was closed down on 20 February 2003 by the Spanish authorities due to allegations of an illegal association with ETA, the armed Basque separatist group. After seven years, on 15 April 2010 the defendants were acquitted on all charges related to ties to ETA. The issue of damages for the closure of the newspaper remains open, as well as the alleged torture of the members of the newspaper's executive board during detention.
Standard Basque is a standardised version of the Basque language, developed by the Basque Language Academy in the late 1960s, which nowadays is the most widely and commonly spoken Basque-language version throughout the Basque Country. Heavily based on the literary tradition of the central areas, it is the version of the language that is commonly used in education at all levels, from elementary school to university, on television and radio, and in the vast majority of all written production in Basque.
Urtzi Urrutikoetxea is a Basque writer and journalist.
The Basque Wikipedia is the Basque language edition of Wikipedia. Founded on 6 December 2001, although its main page was created in November 2003, it reached 58,124 articles by 19 August 2010, making it the 45th-largest Wikipedia. As of November 2024, it has 751 active contributors, of which 12 are administrators, and has about 448,000 articles.
Segi is a Basque pro-independence and revolutionary left-wing organization. It forms part of the Basque National Liberation Movement and is aligned with Langile Abertzaleen Batzordeak and Batasuna.
ETA's 2006 "permanent ceasefire" was the period spanning between 24 March and 30 December 2006 during which, following an ETA communiqué, the Spanish government, led by José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero on one side, and the militant group on the other, engaged in talks as a means to agree on a formula to voluntarily disband the latter. It was terminated as a result of the 2006 Madrid Barajas International Airport bombing.
Egin was a Basque newspaper written in Spanish language and Basque language. Founded in 1977 the paper was in circulation until 1998 when it was closed down by the Spanish government.
Argia is a weekly news magazine published in the Basque language, the oldest one still in circulation. Their main office is in Lasarte-Oria, Basque Country. Its name was Zeruko Argia from 1919 to 1921 and from 1963 to 1980, and Argia from 1921 to 1936 and from 1980 to present. It had to cease its activity because of the Spanish Civil War in 1936, and it could not be published again until 1963, when Francoist Spain lifted its ban on Basque-language publications.
Koldo Zuazo is a Basque linguist, professor at the University of the Basque Country and specialist in Basque language dialectology and sociolinguistics.
The Basque conflict, also known as the Spain–ETA conflict, was an armed and political conflict from 1959 to 2011 between Spain and the Basque National Liberation Movement, a group of social and political Basque organizations which sought independence from Spain and France. The movement was built around the separatist organization ETA, which had launched a campaign of attacks against Spanish administrations since 1959. ETA had been proscribed as a terrorist organization by the Spanish, British, French and American authorities at different moments. The conflict took place mostly on Spanish soil, although to a smaller degree it was also present in France, which was primarily used as a safe haven by ETA members. It was the longest running violent conflict in modern Western Europe. It has been sometimes referred to as "Europe's longest war".
Laura Mintegi Lakarra is a Basque author, politician and a professor at the University of the Basque Country. Although she was born in Navarre, she moved to Biscay at an early age and has lived there ever since; first in Bilbao and later in Algorta.
Joanes Urkixo Beitia is a Basque language writer, and film and television writer.
Joan Mari Torrealdai Nabea was a Basque writer, journalist and sociologist. He was a member of Euskaltzaindia. He was born in Forua, Biscay, Basque Autonomous Community, Spain.
Women in the Basque Nationalist Party in Francoist Spain were involved in leadership positions from an early period. The Basque Nationalist Party (PNV) was founded prior to the Second Spanish Republic in Bilbao, as a conservative Roman Catholic organization. They initially tried to be neutral during the Civil War, but later more openly opposed Nationalist forces. This led to repression and investigation after the war of women PNV members, and wives and daughters of male PNV members. Emakume Abertzale Batza, PNV's women political section, was operated in exile in this early period.
Manuel Ayerdi Olaizola is a Basque economist, politician, Minister of Economic Development and Business of Navarre and a member of the Parliament of Navarre. He was previously First Vice President of Navarre.
Mertxe Aizpurua Arzallus is a Basque journalist and politician who currently serves as Member of the Congress of Deputies of Spain.
Arantza Urkaregi is a mathematician, union organizer, and feminist politician. Within mathematics, she writes, researches, and teaches predominantly about statistics. With regards to her political work, she was involved in the communist party in Basque and the early feminist movement there.
