Related Research Articles
Tracheal intubation,usually simply referred to as intubation,is the placement of a flexible plastic tube into the trachea (windpipe) to maintain an open airway or to serve as a conduit through which to administer certain drugs. It is frequently performed in critically injured,ill,or anesthetized patients to facilitate ventilation of the lungs,including mechanical ventilation,and to prevent the possibility of asphyxiation or airway obstruction.
General anaesthesia (UK) or general anesthesia (US) is a method of medically inducing loss of consciousness that renders a patient unarousable even with painful stimuli. This effect is achieved by administering either intravenous or inhalational general anaesthetic medications,which often act in combination with an analgesic and neuromuscular blocking agent. Spontaneous ventilation is often inadequate during the procedure and intervention is often necessary to protect the airway. General anaesthesia is generally performed in an operating theater to allow surgical procedures that would otherwise be intolerably painful for a patient,or in an intensive care unit or emergency department to facilitate endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation in critically ill patients.
Anesthesiology,anaesthesiology,or anaesthesia is the medical specialty concerned with the total perioperative care of patients before,during and after surgery. It encompasses anesthesia,intensive care medicine,critical emergency medicine,and pain medicine. A physician specialized in anesthesiology is called an anesthesiologist,anaesthesiologist,or anaesthetist,depending on the country. In some countries the terms are synonymous,while in other countries they refer to different positions and anesthetist is only used for non-physicians,such as nurse anesthetists.
Propofol is the active component of an intravenous anesthetic formulation used for induction and maintenance of general anesthesia. It is chemically termed 2,6-diisopropylphenol. The formulation was originally approved under the brand name Diprivan. Numerous generic offerings of this formulation now exist. Intravenous administration is used to induce unconsciousness after which anesthesia may be maintained using a combination of medications. It is manufactured as part of a sterile injectable emulsion formulation using soybean oil and lecithin,giving it a white milky coloration.
Awareness under anesthesia,also referred to as intraoperative awareness or accidental awareness during general anesthesia (AAGA),is a rare complication of general anesthesia where patients regain varying levels of consciousness during their surgical procedures. While anesthesia awareness is possible without resulting in any long-term memory of the experience,it is also possible for victims to have awareness with explicit recall,where they can remember the events related to their surgery.
Mivacurium chloride is a short-duration non-depolarizing neuromuscular-blocking drug or skeletal muscle relaxant in the category of non-depolarizing neuromuscular-blocking drugs,used adjunctively in anesthesia to facilitate endotracheal intubation and to provide skeletal muscle relaxation during surgery or mechanical ventilation.
In the United States,anesthesia can be administered by physician anesthesiologists,an anesthesiologist assistant,or nurse anesthetist.
Cardiothoracic anesthesiology is a subspeciality of the medical practice of anesthesiology,devoted to the preoperative,intraoperative,and postoperative care of adult and pediatric patients undergoing cardiothoracic surgery and related invasive procedures.
Gantacurium chloride is a new experimental neuromuscular blocking drug or skeletal muscle relaxant in the category of non-depolarizing neuromuscular-blocking drugs,used adjunctively in surgical anesthesia to facilitate endotracheal intubation and to provide skeletal muscle relaxation during surgery or mechanical ventilation. Gantacurium is not yet available for widespread clinical use:it is currently undergoing Phase III clinical development.
Neurosurgical anesthesiology,neuroanesthesiology,or neurological anesthesiology is a subspecialty of anesthesiology devoted to the total perioperative care of patients before,during,and after neurological surgeries,including surgeries of the central (CNS) and peripheral nervous systems (PNS). The field has undergone extensive development since the 1960s correlating with the ability to measure intracranial pressure (ICP),cerebral blood flow (CBF),and cerebral metabolic rate (CMR).
Throughout recorded history,attempts at producing a state of general anesthesia can be traced back to the writings of ancient Sumerians,Babylonians,Assyrians,Egyptians,Indians,and Chinese. Despite significant advances in anatomy and surgical technique during the Renaissance,surgery remained a last-resort treatment largely due to the pain associated with it. However,scientific discoveries in the late 18th and early 19th centuries paved the way for the development of modern anesthetic techniques.
BW A444U was an experimental neuromuscular blocking drug or skeletal muscle relaxant in the category of non-depolarizing neuromuscular-blocking drugs,intended to be used adjunctively in surgical anesthesia to facilitate endotracheal intubation and to provide skeletal muscle relaxation during surgery or mechanical ventilation. It was synthesized and developed in the early 1980s.
Certified anesthesiologist assistants (CAAs) are highly trained master’s degree level non-physician anesthesia care providers. CAAs are integral members of the anesthesia care team as described by the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA). This designation must be disambiguated from the Certified Clinical Anesthesia Assistant (CCAA) designation conferred by the Canadian Society of Respiratory Therapists. All CAAs possess a baccalaureate degree,and complete an intensive didactic and clinical program at a postgraduate level. CAAs are trained in the delivery and maintenance of all types of anesthesia care as well as advanced patient monitoring techniques. The goal of CAA education is to guide the transformation of student applicants into competent clinicians.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to anesthesia:
Miller's Anesthesia is an authoritative textbook on anesthesiology.
Obstetric anesthesia or obstetric anesthesiology,also known as ob-gyn anesthesia or ob-gyn anesthesiology,is a sub-specialty of anesthesiology that provides peripartum pain relief (analgesia) for labor and anesthesia for cesarean deliveries ('C-sections').
Seshagiri Rao Mallampati is an Indian anesthesiologist. He is best known for proposing the eponymous Mallampati score in 1985,a non-invasive method to assess the ease of endotracheal intubation.
Alex Bekker is a physician,author and academic. He is a professor and chair at the Department of Anesthesiology,Rutgers New Jersey Medical School. He is also professor at the Department of Physiology,Pharmacology &Neurosciences. He serves as the Chief of Anesthesiology Service at the University Hospital in Newark.
George Alexander Mashour is an American anesthesiologist.
Talmage D. Egan is an anesthesiologist,academic,entrepreneur,and author. He is a professor and chair in the department of anesthesiology,and an adjunct professor in the departments of pharmaceutics,bioengineering,and neurosurgery at the University of Utah School of Medicine.
References
- 1 2 3 Evers, Alex S. (October 2018). "Beverley A. Orser, M.D., Ph.D., F.R.C.P.C., F.C.A.H.S., Recipient of the 2018 Excellence in Research Award". Anesthesiology . 129 (4): 644–645. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000002380 . S2CID 81940546 . Retrieved September 21, 2021.
- 1 2 "Dr. Beverley Orser". Critical Care Toronto. Retrieved September 21, 2021.
- ↑ "Beverley A. Orser, MD, PhD, FRCPC". Sunnybrook. Retrieved September 21, 2021.
- ↑ Moneo, Shannon (April 26, 2017). "Waking up to the complexities of anesthesia". Globe and Mail. Retrieved September 21, 2021.
- ↑ Robinson, Jennifer (February 9, 2017). "New U of T patent targets brain fog left behind by anesthesia". University of Toronto. Retrieved September 21, 2021.
- ↑ "National Academy of Medicine Elects 85 New Members". National Academy of Medicine. October 15, 2018. Retrieved September 21, 2021.
- ↑ "American Society of Anesthesiologists recognizes Beverley A. Orser, M.D., Ph.D., FRCPC, FCAHS, with its Excellence in Research Award". American Society of Anesthesiologists. October 15, 2018. Retrieved September 21, 2021.
- ↑ Orser, Beverley A. (May 2020). "Recommendations for Endotracheal Intubation of COVID-19 Patients". Anesthesia & Analgesia. 130 (5): 1109–1110. doi:10.1213/ANE.0000000000004803. PMC 7172572 . PMID 32209810 . Retrieved September 21, 2021.
- ↑ Orser, Beverley A.; Byrick, Robert; Cooper, Richard (April 14, 2020). "Locating and repurposing anesthetic machines as intensive care unit ventilators during the COVID-19 pandemic". Canadian Journal of Anesthesia. 67 (8): 1066–1067. doi:10.1007/s12630-020-01657-w. PMC 7155948 . PMID 32291633. S2CID 215761344.
- ↑ "Congratulations to Dr. Beverley Orser". Sunnybrook. April 2, 2020. Retrieved September 21, 2021.
- ↑ "The 2022 Appointees to the Order of Ontario". Ontario.ca (Press release). November 6, 2023.
