Sardar Bhagwant Singh Bangeshwar (Sarkar-i-Bangash-O-Amir-i-Umara-i-Azam) was an Indian ruler of the Bangash (in present-day Pakhtunkhwa) of the 18th century. He was a cousin of Bhai Mani Singh. [1]
"Bangeshwar" or " Bangash-Pati " are the titles he was known with from the name of the state he ruled the Bangash in the Kurram Valley. Kurram, at the time was a Pashtun state extending from the Indus River to Kurram River in present-day Pakistan.
Two centuries after 1500, Rajput rulers began to take high positions in Mughal court. Apart from being a ruler he was a fierce warrior too, which led Aurangzeb to give him 1000 cavalry and 4000 infantry and gave him the title of Umar-i-Azam which was high mansab given to Rajput rulers.
He was engaged in a battle with Kamal Khan, who was Mughal commander of Attock Fort. He killed Kamal Khan in a fierce battle and made the Mughals fear his might.
Guru Gobind Singh had to settle in Nanded after being attacked by Mughals. All his sons were martyred. Sardar Bhagwant Singh went to meet Guru Gobind Singh to discuss his sorrow. After hearing all the atrocities done on the Guru by the Mughals he pledged to ruin the tyrant of Sirhind who killed innocent younger sons of the Guru.
Wazir khan ( Sarkar-i-Sirhind ) was a Mansabdar with 2000 horsemen under Aurangzeb which was much less as compared to a Mansab of 5000 horsemen of Sardar Bhagwant Singh ( Sarkar-i-Bangash ), so Wazir Khan's defeat was certain. Sardar Bhagwant Singh along with his seven brothers and Banda Singh Bahadur(whom Guru Gobind Singh sent with them acknowledging him as the Guru's adopted son) made his sword bathe in tyrant's blood and ruined the Mughal rule in Sirhind which was a very big Mughal subah extending from Sutlej to Yamuna. His one brother Sardar Baj Singh (first Governor of Khalsa Raj) was made governor of Sirhind and one more of his brothers, Sardar Ram Singh was made governor of Thanesar. He kept his word given to the Guru.
Bahadur Shah I, also known as Muhammad Mu'azzam and Shah Alam I. was the eighth Mughal Emperor who ruled from 1707 until his death in 1712. In his youth, he conspired to overthrow his father Aurangzeb, the sixth Mughal emperor, and ascend to the throne. He was governor of Akbarabad, Kabul and Lahore. Bahadur Shah was also Aurangzeb's third son.
Guru Gobind Singh, born Gobind Das or Gobind Rai the tenth Sikh Guru, a spiritual master, warrior, poet and philosopher. When his father, Guru Tegh Bahadur, was executed by Aurangzeb, Guru Gobind Singh was formally installed as the leader of the Sikhs at the age of nine, becoming the tenth and final human Sikh Guru. His four biological sons died during his lifetime – two in battle, two executed by the Mughal governor Wazir Khan.
Qutb-ud-Din Muhammad Azam, commonly known as Azam Shah was briefly the Mughal emperor. He was the third son of the sixth Mughal emperor Aurangzeb and his chief consort Dilras Banu Begum.
Man Singh I, popularly known as Mirza Raja Man Singh was the 29th Kachwaha Rajput Raja of Amer, later known as Jaipur state, in Rajputana. He was the most powerful and trusted general of the Mughal emperor Akbar, who included him among the Navaratnas, or the nine (nava) gems (ratna) of the royal court of Akbar. Man Singh fought sixty-seven important battles in Kabul, Balkh, Bukhara, Bengal and Central and Southern India. He was well versed in the battle tactics of both the Rajputs as well as the Mughals.
Dal Khalsa was the name of the combined forces of 12 misls that operated in the 18th century (1735–1780) in the Punjab region.
Fatehgarh Sahib is a city and a sacred pilgrimage site of Sikhism in the north west Indian state of Punjab. It is the headquarters of Fatehgarh Sahib district, located about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) north of Sirhind. Fatehgarh Sahib is named after Fateh Singh, the 7-year-old son of Guru Gobind Singh, who was seized and buried alive, along with his 9-year-old brother Zoravar Singh, by the Mughals under the orders of governor Wazir Khan during the ongoing Mughal-Sikh wars of the early 18th century. The town experienced major historical events after the martyrdom of the sons in 1705, with frequent changes of control between the Sikhs and Mughals.
Zorawar Singh, also transliterated as Jorawar, was the third of Guru Gobind Singh's four sons. He and his younger brother, Fateh Singh are among the most hallowed martyrs in Sikhism.
Fateh Singh Rai, also referred to with honorifics as Sahib Baba Fateh Singh Rai or Sahibzada Baba Fateh Singh Rai was the fourth and youngest son of Guru Gobind Singh Rai. The honorary prefix, Baba is considered as Learned or Respected, while Sahibzada means the "Prince". Fateh Singh and his elder brother Zorawar Singh Rai are among the most hallowed martyrs in Sikhism.
The Battle of Nadaun was fought at Nadaun, between Raja Bhim Chand Chandel of Bilaspur State and the Mughals under Governor Alif Khan and Badshah Aurangzeb. Against Mughal Empire, Bhim Chand was supported by Guru Gobind Singh and other hill chieftains. Raja of Himachal Bhim Chand Chandel and other Hill Rajas had refused to pay tax to the Mughal Emperor. Mughals were supported by king of Kangra and king of Bijarwal. In the Battle Chandel of Kahlur out victorious and Mughals were forced to fled away.
Sirhind is the older name of Fatehgarh Sahib. It is situated on the Delhi to Lahore Highway. It has a population of about 60,851 . It is now a district headquarters in the state of Punjab; the name of the district is Fatehgarh Sahib.
The Haveli Todar Mal popularly known as Jahaz Haveli or Jahaz Mahal is the 17th century residence (haveli) of Todar Mal, who became the diwan in the court of Nawab Wazir Khan, the Governor of Sirhind, under Mughal Empire. Today, it is remembered for the cremation of young martyred sons of Guru Gobind Singh and his mother.
The Sikh Rule in Lahore initiated from the invasion and rule of the Sikh Misls and extended till the Sikh Empire of Ranjit Singh which ended in 1849. The Sikhs began gaining power following the decline of the Mughal Empire in Punjab and consisted of a collection of autonomous Punjabi Misls, which were governed by Misldars, mainly in the Punjab region.
Mirza Askari, better known by his title Wazir Khan, was the Mughal governor of Sirhind in the present state of Punjab. He administering the territory of the Mughal Empire that lay between the Sutlej and Yamuna rivers.
The Battle of Jajau was fought between the two Mughal princes and brothers Bahadur Shah I and Muhammad Azam Shah on 20 June 1707. In 1707, their father Aurangzeb died without having declared a successor; instead leaving a will in which he instructed his sons to divide the kingdom between themselves. Their failure to reach a satisfactory agreement led to a military conflict. After Azam Shah and his three sons were killed in the Battle of Jajau, Bahadur Shah I was crowned as the Mughal emperor on 19 June 1707 at the age of 63.
The State of Malerkotla or Maler Kotla was a princely state in the Punjab region during the era of British India. The last Nawab of Maler Kotla signed the instrument of accession to join the Dominion of India on 20 August 1948. Its rulers belonged to a Pathan dynasty, and its capital was in Malerkotla. The state belonged to the Punjab States Agency.
The Battle of Nirmohgarh was fought between Sikhs and the Mughal Empire in 1702.
The Rajput rebellion began in 1708, due to the harsh treatment of the Rajput Rajas by the Mughal emperor. It erupted into a two-year rebellion that forced the Mughal emperor to sue for peace, give them gifts, and restore the Rajput holdings which had been annexed by the previous Mughal emperor Aurangzeb.
Bhai Fateh Singh Ji was a warrior in Sikh history. He is known for beheading Wazir Khan who was the Mughal Governor of Sirhind, administering a territory of the Mughal Empire between the Sutlej and Yamuna rivers. Wazir Khan was infamous for ordering the execution of the two young sons of Guru Gobind Singh, Sahibzada Fateh Singh and Sahibzada Zorawar Singh in 1704.
Raja Bhagwant Rai was an 18th-century Khichi Rajput ruler of Asothar and Ghazipur in the Fatehpur District of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, who is known for his resistance against the Mughal Empire and who established his independent state till the end of his reign.
The Sikhs raided Delhi 14 times between 1766 and 1788. Sikhs were very scornful towards Delhi due to the following reasons.