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 Botswana |  Israel |
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Israel and Botswana have official relations though neither country maintains a formal consulate or embassy in the other. The two countries, nevertheless, have reached cooperate agreements at the government level and there is private sector activity between the two countries.
Botswana broke relations with Israel in 1973 but re-established in 1993.
The two countries established diplomatic ties in 1993 after Israel and the PLO signed the Oslo Accords. In February 2012, a Dan Shaham-Ben-Hayun presented his diplomatic credentials to Botswana as an official representative. [1] However, he is currently based in Namibia.
Six Israeli-centered diamond firms have operations in Botswana's Gaborone Diamond District, apparently employing about 1,000 Botswana citizens. [2]
In December 2012, Ben Gurion University agreed to facilitate a new institution called the Botswana International University of Science and Technology. BGU will be in charge of teaching and building the university's research capacity. Students from the African country will also be invited to Israel to complete their studies before returning to build the staff of the university. According to Israeli ambassador Dan Shaham, "Some 250 students will be selected to begin their studies in the coming months. More and more students and more and more subjects will be added gradually, until it becomes a real university." [3]
Botswana is fighting a severe desertification problem. Israel has been suggested as a model for combating the problem based on the country's technological developments in agriculture and desalination. [4]
Mr. Richard Anthony Lyons is the Honorary Counsel for Israel in Botswana.
Morocco is a member of the United Nations and belongs to the African Union, Arab League, Arab Maghreb Union (UMA), Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC), the Non-Aligned Movement and the Community of Sahel-Saharan States (CEN_SAD). Morocco's relationships vary greatly between African, Arab, and Western states. Morocco has had strong ties with the West in order to gain economic and political benefits. France and Spain remain the primary trade partners, as well as the primary creditors and foreign investors in Morocco. From the total foreign investments in Morocco, the European Union invests approximately 73.5%, whereas, the Arab world invests only 19.3%. Many countries from the Persian Gulf and Maghreb regions are also getting more involved in large-scale development projects in Morocco.
Foreign relations of Israel refers to diplomatic and trade relations between Israel and other countries around the world. Israel has diplomatic ties with 164 of the other 192 UN member states as of December 2020. Israel is a member of the United Nations and a number of other international organisations. Israel maintains full diplomatic relations with two of its Arab neighbours, Egypt and Jordan, after signing peace treaties in 1979 and 1994 respectively. In 2020, Israel signed agreements establishing diplomatic relations with four Arab League countries, Bahrain, the United Arab Emirates, Sudan and Morocco. As of 2021, Israel had formal diplomatic relations with 168 other countries, while twenty-eight U.N. member states have never established, or have broken off diplomatic relations with Israel.
Ben-Gurion University of the Negev (BGU), is a public research university in Beersheba, Israel. Ben-Gurion University of the Negev has five campuses: the Marcus Family Campus, Beer Sheva; the David Bergmann Campus, Beer Sheva; the David Tuviyahu Campus, Beer Sheva; the Sede Boqer Campus, and Eilat Campus.
The Cook Islands maintains diplomatic relations with various countries and is a member of multilateral organisations. While the country is in free association with New Zealand, which can act on the Cook Islands' "delegated authority [...] to assist the Cooks Islands" in foreign affairs, the Cook Islands nevertheless enters into treaty obligations and otherwise "interacts with the international community as a sovereign and independent state."
Israeli–Japanese relations began on May 15, 1952, when Japan recognized Israel and an Israeli legation opened in Tokyo. In 1954 Japan's ambassador to Turkey assumed the additional role of minister to Israel. In 1955 a Japanese legation with a Minister Plenipotentiary opened in Tel Aviv. In 1963, relations were upgraded to Embassy level, and have remained on that level since then. Japan's trade relations with Arab League members and most Muslim-majority countries have taken a precedence over those with Israel. However, due to the declining price of oil in early 2015, as well as internal political shifting in Japan, the two nations are seeking increased research, economic and cultural ties, particularly in the area of tech start-ups and defense. Recently ties between Israel and Japan have strengthened significantly, with many mutual investments between the two nations. Former prime minister of Japan Shinzo Abe visited Israel twice – once in 2015 and a second time in 2018.
There are 123 diplomatic missions in Hong Kong, of which 62 are consulates-general and 61 are consulates and six officially recognised bodies in Hong Kong. As Hong Kong has the status of a Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China, some consuls-general in Hong Kong report directly to their respective foreign ministries, rather than to their Embassies in Beijing.
The Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs is one of the most important ministries in the Israeli government. The ministry's role is to implement Israel's foreign policy, and promote economic, cultural, and scientific relations with other countries.
Botswana–Russia relations date back to 6 March 1970 when Botswana and the Soviet Union established diplomatic relations.
Vietnam-Israel relations are the diplomatic, cultural and economic ties between the State of Israel and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. Vietnam and Israel established diplomatic relations on July 12, 1993, followed by Israel opening its resident embassy in Hanoi in December 1993. The current Vietnamese Ambassador to Israel is Đỗ Minh Hùng, who has been assigned since January 2019. He operates out of the Vietnamese embassy in Tel Aviv. Ties between the two nations are generally friendly and stable. Vietnam has expressed its interest in boosting defense ties with Israel. There are also many Vietnamese working in Israel, and Israel has also delivered humanitarian aid to Vietnam in several occasions. According to reports, some 2,000 Vietnamese students study in Israel. Israel and Vietnam also cooperate in such fields as agriculture, information technology and biotech, and cultural exchanges between the two countries are quite extensive.
A de facto embassy is an office or organisation that serves de facto as an embassy in the absence of normal or official diplomatic relations among countries, usually to represent nations which lack full diplomatic recognition, regions or dependencies of countries, or territories over which sovereignty is disputed. In some cases, diplomatic immunity and extraterritoriality may be granted.
The Embassy of Israel to Nepal is the diplomatic mission of Israel in Nepal. The Embassy was established in March 1961 after diplomatic relations were established between the two countries in June 1960, under the leadership of David Ben-Gurion, the first Prime Minister of Israel and B.P. Koirala, the first elected Prime Minister of Nepal.
Israel–South Korea relations refers to the diplomatic, commercial and cultural ties between Israel and South Korea. South Korea has maintained relations with Israel since 1948, and in 1962 both states initiated official diplomatic relations. Israel and South Korea have expressed interest in strengthening the relationship in all areas, particularly defense, but also renewable energy, science and technology, and bilateral trade. Israel and South Korea signed a free trade agreement in 2021.
Botswana–Spain relations are the bilateral and diplomatic relations between these two countries. Botswana has no embassy in Spain but it has a consulate in Madrid. Spain has an embassy in Windhoek, Namibia accredited to Botswana and a consulate in Gaborone, capital of Botswana.
Guinea-Bissau–Spain relations are the bilateral and diplomatic relations between these two countries. Guinea-Bissau has an embassy in Madrid and two consulates in Barcelona and Bilbao. Spain has an embassy in Bissau.
Spain–Togo relations are the bilateral and diplomatic relations between these two countries. Togo does not have an embassy in Madrid but their embassy in Paris is accredited for Spain, but they have a consulate in Barcelona. Spain also does not have an embassy in Togo but its embassy in Accra, Ghana is accredited to this country, also has a consulate in Lomé.
The Embassy of the Republic of Indonesia in Pretoria is the diplomatic mission of the Republic of Indonesia to the Republic of South Africa and concurrently accredited to the Republic of Botswana, the Kingdom of Eswatini, and the Kingdom of Lesotho. The embassy is located at 949 Francis Baard Street in the suburb of Arcadia, Pretoria. Indonesia also has a consulate general in Cape Town and an honorary consulate in Mbabane, Eswatini.
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