Breast implant illness

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Breast implant illness
Other namesAutoimmune/autoinflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants
Specialty Gynecology, toxicology
Symptoms Arthralgia, chronic fatigue, cognitive dysfunction, dryness of the eyes, dryness of the mouth, myalgia, pyrexia [1]
CausesAggravation of underlying autoimmune diseases caused by silicone breast implants [1]
Risk factors Family or personal history of allergies or autoimmune diseases [1]

Breast implant illness (BII), also known as autoimmune/autoinflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants (ASIA), along with other terms, is a purported condition that is said to affect certain women with breast implants. Its acceptance as a legitimate disease is controversial, [2] [3] but some evidence exists supporting the idea that silicone-based breast implants can trigger autoimmune responses in patients with underlying allergies or autoimmune diseases. [1] Nonetheless, it remains poorly defined, and its existence has still not been conclusively proven. [3] [4] The idea of BII has existed since the 1960s, [2] but it has more recently been popularized on social media — particularly among non-experts — a process that may increase fear and anxiety regarding the condition and encourage self-diagnosis. [4] There are currently no diagnostic criteria nor specific diagnostic tests, thus BII is considered to be a diagnosis of exclusion. [5] [6]

Treatment for Breast Implant Illness

• En Bloc: Involves removing both the implant and the capsule tissue surrounding it in one piece. The idea is to eliminate any potential toxins or inflammatory cells that might be contributing to symptoms.

• Non-En Bloc: Involves removing the implant but leaving the surrounding capsule tissue, which may still harbor inflammation or bacteria, but not necessarily in a manner that causes ongoing symptoms.

Studies have found that women who undergo en bloc explantation vs. non-en bloc explantation both report significant improvements in symptoms, including fatigue, brain fog, joint pain, and other BII-related issues. [7]


References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Cohen Tervaert, Jw; Mohazab, N; Redmond, D; van Eeden, C; Osman, M. (2 January 2022). "Breast implant illness: scientific evidence of its existence". Expert Review of Clinical Immunology. 18 (1): 15–29. doi: 10.1080/1744666X.2022.2010546 . PMID   34882509.
  2. 1 2 Magnusson, Mark R.; Cooter, Rod D.; Rakhorst, Hinne; McGuire, Patricia A.; Adams, William P.; Deva, Anand K. (March 2019). "Breast Implant Illness: A Way Forward". Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery. 143 (3S): 74S –81S. doi:10.1097/PRS.0000000000005573. PMID   30817559.
  3. 1 2 Kaplan, J; Rohrich, R (January 2021). "Breast implant illness: a topic in review". Gland Surgery. 10 (1): 430–443. doi: 10.21037/gs-20-231 . PMC   7882356 . PMID   33634001.
  4. 1 2 Yang, Siling; Klietz, Marie-Luise; Harren, Anna Katharina; Wei, Qiang; Hirsch, Tobias; Aitzetmüller, Matthias M (15 March 2022). "Understanding Breast Implant Illness: Etiology is the Key". Aesthetic Surgery Journal. 42 (4): 370–377. doi:10.1093/asj/sjab197.
  5. ↑ McGuire, Patricia; Clauw, Daniel J.; Hammer, Jason; Haws, Melinda Haws; Adams, William P. (Jr) (October 23, 2021). "A Practical Guide to Managing Patients With Systemic Symptoms and Breast Implants". pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved January 21, 2025.
  6. ↑ McGuire, Patricia (April 13, 2023). "Commentary on: Self-Reported Breast Implant Illness: The Contribution of Systemic Illnesses and Other Factors to Patient Symptoms". pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved January 21, 2025.
  7. ↑ Glicksman C, McGuire P, Kadin M, Lawrence M, Haws M, Newby J, Ferenz S, Sung J, Wixtrom R. (June 2022). "Impact of Capsulectomy Type on Post-Explantation Systemic Symptom Improvement: Findings From the ASERF Systemic Symptoms in Women-Biospecimen Analysis Study: Part 1". Aesthetic Surgery Journal. 42 (7): 809–819. doi:10.1093/asj/sjab417. PMID   34915566.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
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