Brian Morris (biologist)

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Brian J. Morris
Born (1950-07-14) 14 July 1950 (age 73)
Adelaide, Australia
NationalityAustralian
Alma mater University of Adelaide, Monash University, University of Melbourne
Known forWork on the renin-angiotensin system, hypertension, circumcision
Awards Royal Society of New South Wales' Edgeworth David Medal (1985)
Scientific career
Fields Molecular biology, molecular genetics
Institutions University of Sydney
Thesis The renin-angiotensin system in kidney cells (1975)

Brian James Morris (born 14 July 1950) [1] is a professor emeritus of molecular medical sciences at the University of Sydney, Australia.

Contents

Education and appointments

Brian Morris grew up in Adelaide, South Australia, where he graduated from the University of Adelaide in 1972. He then completed his PhD at Monash University and the University of Melbourne in 1975. From 1975–1978 he did postdoctoral research at the University of Missouri, and the University of California, San Francisco, first as a CJ Martin fellow, and then as an Advanced Fellow of the American Heart Association. He was then appointed as an academic at the University of Sydney in 1978, was appointed a professor in 1999, and was appointed Professor Emeritus in 2013. [2] [3] He retired in 2014 and the Bosch Institute of Medical Research took over his lab space. [4] : 18 

Career

Morris studied the Renin–angiotensin system (RAS) for most of his career. His interest in RAS began during his undergraduate studies, when he worked for a while in the laboratory where Eugenie Lumbers had just found early clues to the existence of prorenin (the protein precursor of renin) during her PhD work. He remained interested in the field, and had the good fortune to move to the University of California, San Francisco in the mid-1970s, a centre for the development of the tools of biotechnology and molecular cloning. He joined others in applying those tools to RAS, and was among the pioneers is isolating the gene for renin itself, along with the prorenin and kallikrein genes, and the cardiac myosin heavy chain gene. [3] [5]

He and his team were among first to elucidate the biosynthetic pathway of renin, as well as key molecular mechanisms in renin's transcriptional and posttranscriptional control. [3] Taking that work further, he helped pioneer the field of genetic variation in hypertension. [3]

Morris has been active in the public debate around circumcision. [2] He has described pro-vaccine medical organisations, such as the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons, who are not in favour of routine non-therapeutic circumcision, as like anti-vaccine advocates. [6] [7] He has, however, also remarked that parents should "weigh up all of the pros and cons for themselves and make their own best decision". [8]

In the 2000s, he began to study the genetics of longevity, including the roles of FOXO3 and the sirtuins. [4] : 154–155 

Awards and honours

He was awarded the Royal Society of New South Wales' Edgeworth David Medal in 1985 [9] and in 1993 the University of Sydney awarded him a DSc. In 2003 he was elected as an Honorary Fellow of the American Heart Association Council for High Blood Pressure Research. In 2010 he gave the Lewis K. Dahl Memorial lecture, an award sponsored by the Council for High Blood Pressure Research in association with the American Heart Association. In 2014 the AHA awarded him the Irvine Page—Alva Bradley Lifetime Achievement Award. He was made a Member of the Order of Australia in the Queens Birthday Honours Awards in 2018. [2] [3] [10]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Renin</span> Aspartic protease protein and enzyme

Renin, also known as an angiotensinogenase, is an aspartic protease protein and enzyme secreted by the kidneys that participates in the body's renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS)—also known as the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone axis—that increases the volume of extracellular fluid and causes arterial vasoconstriction. Thus, it increases the body's mean arterial blood pressure.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Renin–angiotensin system</span> Hormone system

The renin–angiotensin system (RAS), or renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS), is a hormone system that regulates blood pressure, fluid and electrolyte balance, and systemic vascular resistance.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Angiotensin-converting enzyme</span> Mammalian protein found in humans

Angiotensin-converting enzyme, or ACE, is a central component of the renin–angiotensin system (RAS), which controls blood pressure by regulating the volume of fluids in the body. It converts the hormone angiotensin I to the active vasoconstrictor angiotensin II. Therefore, ACE indirectly increases blood pressure by causing blood vessels to constrict. ACE inhibitors are widely used as pharmaceutical drugs for treatment of cardiovascular diseases.

Essential hypertension is the form of hypertension that by definition has no identifiable secondary cause. It is the most common type affecting 85% of those with high blood pressure. The remaining 15% is accounted for by various causes of secondary hypertension. Primary hypertension tends to be familial and is likely to be the consequence of an interaction between environmental and genetic factors. Prevalence of essential hypertension increases with age, and individuals with relatively high blood pressure at younger ages are at increased risk for the subsequent development of hypertension. Hypertension can increase the risk of cerebral, cardiac, and renal events.

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Prorenin is a protein that constitutes a precursor for renin, the hormone that activates the renin–angiotensin system, which serves to raise blood pressure. Prorenin is converted into renin by the juxtaglomerular cells, which are specialised smooth muscle cells present mainly in the afferent, but also the efferent, arterioles of the glomerular capillary bed.

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References

  1. ↑ "Morris, Brian J. (Brian James), 1950-". Library of Congress. Retrieved 23 August 2018.
  2. 1 2 3 "Professor Emeritus Brian Morris". University of Sydney. Retrieved 22 August 2018.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 Morris, B. J. (10 January 2011). "2010 Dahl Lecture: Renin, Genes, and Beyond: 40 Years of Molecular Discoveries in the Hypertension Field". Hypertension. 57 (3): 538–548. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.110.166967 . PMID   21220705. Open Access logo PLoS transparent.svg
  4. 1 2 Triennial Report 2013-2015 (PDF). Bosch Institute of Medical Research at University of Sydney. 3 November 2016. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 August 2018.
  5. ↑ Metherell, Mark (31 October 2011). "Thriving under pressure: scientist unlocks mysteries of hypertension". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 6 February 2015.
  6. ↑ Collier, R. (28 November 2011). "Ugly, messy and nasty debate surrounds circumcision". Canadian Medical Association Journal. 184 (1): E25–E26. doi:10.1503/cmaj.109-4017. PMC   3255195 . PMID   22125336.
  7. ↑ Zadrozny, Brandy (2 April 2014). "New Study Says Benefits of Circumcision Outweigh Risks 100 to 1". The Daily Beast. Retrieved 31 March 2015.
  8. ↑ "MEDICAL BENEFITS FROM CIRCUMCISION". 14 October 2002. Archived from the original on 14 October 2002. Retrieved 19 June 2020.
  9. ↑ "The Edgeworth David Medal". The Royal Society of NSW. Retrieved 22 June 2020.
  10. ↑ "2018 Queen's Birthday Honours List" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 February 2020.
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