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A motte-and-bailey castle is a European fortification with a wooden or stone keep situated on a raised area of ground called a motte, accompanied by a walled courtyard, or bailey, surrounded by a protective ditch and palisade. Relatively easy to build with unskilled labour, but still militarily formidable, these castles were built across northern Europe from the 10th century onwards, spreading from Normandy and Anjou in France, into the Holy Roman Empire, as well as the Low Countries it controlled, in the 11th century, when these castles were popularized in the area that became the Netherlands. The Normans introduced the design into England and Wales. Motte-and-bailey castles were adopted in Scotland, Ireland, and Denmark in the 12th and 13th centuries. By the end of the 13th century, the design was largely superseded by alternative forms of fortification, but the earthworks remain a prominent feature in many countries.
Barnwell Castle is a ruined castle, south of the town of Oundle, and north of the village of Barnwell, Northamptonshire. It has been designated by English Heritage as a Grade I listed building, and is a Scheduled Ancient Monument. It is under private ownership.
Christchurch Castle is a Norman motte and bailey castle in Christchurch, Dorset, England. The earliest stonework has been dated to 1160. The castle's site is inside the old Saxon burh dominating the River Avon's lowest crossing.
Aldford Castle is a motte and bailey castle in the village of Aldford in Cheshire. The motte is to the north of St John's Church, and the church stands on the site of an infilled bailey ditch.
Aslockton Castle is a ruined fortification, a motte-and-bailey castle, in the village of Aslockton, Nottinghamshire. The original name of the settlement was Aslachetone, which suggests a possible Norse origin; it was mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086 where it was described as a large settlement.
Bakewell Castle was in the town of Bakewell, Derbyshire.
Benington Castle is a ruined castle in the village of Benington, near Stevenage in Hertfordshire, England at grid reference TL296236. It has been protected since 1936 as a scheduled monument.
Brandon Castle was sited overlooking the River Avon between the virtually adjacent villages of Brandon and Wolston in Warwickshire which in turn lie between the town of Rugby and city of Coventry.
Burley Castle, more commonly called Alstoe, was to the north of the village of Burley, two miles north-east of Oakham in the county of Rutland, grid reference SK894119. Alstoe was the name of a hundred.
Castle Combe Castle stood to the north of the village of Castle Combe, Wiltshire, England.
Castle Toot, or Cleobury Castle, was a motte castle by the River Rea in the town of Cleobury Mortimer, Shropshire. It is a scheduled monument, first listed in 1951.
Cockermouth Castle is in the town of Cockermouth in Cumbria on a site by the junction of the Rivers Cocker and Derwent. It is a Grade I listed building and a scheduled monument.
Driffield Castle is located in the town of Driffield, approximately 12 miles (19 km) north of Beverley, East Riding of Yorkshire, England.
Ham Castle is located in Worcestershire at the bottom of a wooded escarpment, within the parish of Clifton-upon-Teme, about 1 mile (1.6 km) east of the village of Clifton-upon-Teme and 4 miles (6.4 km) south of Great Witley.
Hopton Castle is situated in the village of the same name which lies approximately halfway between Knighton and Craven Arms, in the English county of Shropshire. Hopton Castle featured in the TV series Time Team in 2010. A ruin since the early 18th century, it was partially restored between 2006 and 2011, and was officially re-opened to the public as a visitor attraction in December 2011 by the Duke of Gloucester.
Horston Castle is about 1 mile to the south of the village of Horsley, some 5 miles north of the English city of Derby. The site is a Scheduled Ancient Monument but, as of 2018, is on Historic England's Heritage at Risk Register as poor condition.
Watch Hill Castle is a medieval motte-and-bailey on the boundary of Bowdon and Dunham Massey, Greater Manchester, England. It is a scheduled monument. The castle is located north of the River Bollin and south of a deep ravine.
Farnham Castle is a 12th-century castle in Farnham, Surrey, England. It was formerly the residence of the Bishops of Winchester.
While there are many castles in South Yorkshire, the majority are manor houses and motte-and-bailey which were commonly found in England after the Norman Conquest.
References
- 1 2 Somerset Fry, Plantagenet (1980). The David & Charles Book of Castles. Newton Abbot, Devon: David & Charles. p. 195. ISBN 0-7153-7976-3. OCLC 7547072.
- ↑ Historic England. "Bromwich Castle, Castle Bromwich (1005906)". National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 June 2021.
- 1 2 3 "Heritage Gateway - Castle Bromwich". Heritage Gateway. Archived from the original on 3 June 2021. Retrieved 3 June 2021.
52°30′21″N1°47′43″W / 52.5059°N 1.7953°W
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