Butere

Butere
Town
Nickname:  But
Butere
Coordinates: 00°13′N34°30′E / 0.217°N 34.500°E / 0.217; 34.500
Country	Kenya
County	Kakamega County
Area
• Total	939.3 km2 (362.7 sq mi)
Population  (2009)
• Total	4,725
• Density	5.0/km2 (13/sq mi)

Butere is a town in Kakamega County, which was formerly part of the Western Province of Kenya. According to 2009 Kenya National Census, it has an urban population of 4,725. Until 2010, Butere served as the capital of the former Butere/Mumias District.

Transportation links

Butere is connected by road to Mumias to the north and Kisumu in the southeast. A branch railway line from Kisumu ends in Butere, with passenger services resuming in January 2007 after a long suspension. ^[1]

The town's name Butere comes from the Abatere sub-clan, one of the main clans in the area. Historically, the Abatere lived in regions such as Muyundi, Masaba, and areas around the township. They were the primary inhabitants until the European colonial administration selected Butere as a base for their administrative activities.

Economy

Quite similar to its neighboring sub-counties, for many years, the economy of Butere was heavily dependent on the cultivation of sugarcane. However, based on the fact that the sugar industry proved to be unfeasible for many farmers, some have removed sugarcane from their farms and have resorted to cultivating maize and soybean. ^[2] There are also certain residents who depend on small-scale cattle-rearing, apiculture, and aquaculture for their livelihood.

Traditionally, the people of Butere have been small-scale farmers planting sorghum, millet, and assorted vegetables, alongside fishing in Lake Victoria, trading this produce with their neighbors from the south in Nyanza. Many farmers cultivate soybeans, but only around 56.72% commercialize them. ^[2]

The introduction of maize eventually changed the main staple food from ugali, made from sorghum, to maize meal.

Seeing as most residents of Butere have relied on sugarcane cultivation as a source of income alongside other farming activities, they strongly believe that it would be ideal for political leaders to seek an alternative industry to serve the needs of this economy, as the sugar industry may be too difficult to resuscitate after the Mumias Sugar Company Limited collapsed.

Boda Boda

Following the increase in unemployment in the sub-county, many youths have engaged in the motorbike business (commonly known as boda boda). This business earns them an average of Ksh.500 a day.

Self-help Groups

In the recent past, there has been an upsurge of self-help groups such as One-Acre Farm. Wycliffe Ambetsa Oparanya, Prof. Ruth Oniang'o, Hon. Andrew Toboso, and Fred Omukubi Otswong'o (of Shatieta Self-Help Group) authored a captivating article on the use of intellectual property rights regimes to protect traditional knowledge of local communities, among others. ^[3]

Inhabitants

The district is inhabited by 17 subtribes, among them Abakolwe, Abashitsetse, Abamukhula, Abatere, Abashirotsa, Abashiahaka, Abamwende, Abashibanga, Abashisa, Aberecheya, and Abachenya. The Marama's most popular dances are the lipala dance and eshiremba (a funeral ceremony dance performed by the Abashibanga clan), which seem to be vanishing with modernity. The Marama have historically been tied to the Wanga, and the Wanga king Nabongo Mumia was a son to a Marama woman.

Prominent residents

• Moody Awori former vice president, born in Butere.
• Martin Shikuku politician.
• Hon. Tindi Mwale current MP, politician, community mobilizer, and entrepreneur.
• Hon. Professor Amukowa Anangwe Former member of Parliament, Butere constituency, currently living in and working in Tanzania as a lecturer at the famous university of Dar es Salaam.
• Benson Milimo Lecturer, Moi University, School of Nursing and midwifery (Currently Chair of Department of Midwifery and gender)
• Eng. Alfred Chitui Ashiembi community philanthropist who supports children education most especially the girl child and orphans.

Politics

The politics of Butere have been dominated by clan rivalries. Martin Shikuku represented from independence until 1997 with short breaks. ^[4] Shikuku first lost the seat in the mid-1970s when he was detained by the Jomo Kenyatta government for saying the then ruling party, Kenya African National Union (KANU), was dead. Upon his release when Moi took over in 1978, Shikuku won the seat in 1979 through a by-election. Shikuku lost his seat to Jesse Eshikhati Opembe in the 1988 mlolongo elections. Opembe died only six months after the election, paving the way for Moses Okwara, who won the ensuing by-election. ^[5] Shikuku returned to recapture the seat in the 1992 multiparty elections on the Kenneth Matiba led FORD-Asili party and represented the constituency for one term until 2007 until former University of Nairobi Lecturer, Dr. Amukowa Anangwe, defeated him in the 1997 general elections in which Shikuku also ran for the presidency. ^[6] Anangwe was, however, in 2002 ousted by Wycliffe Oparanya. The late Mr. Naaman Otswong'o Chirande, a businessman and the area councilor between 1969 and 1974, brought significant development to lower Butere Market, including the main market, particularly through cattle sales.

The 2007 elections were won by Wycliffe Oparanya as the constituency seemed to abandon Musikari Kombo in favor of the Orange Democratic Movement (ODM), now led by Prime Minister and Langata MP Raila Odinga. ^[7] This was evidenced by an apparent rush by most politicians to troop to the party, among them former Minister Dr. Amukowa Anangwe, Businessman Justus Anyanga Wanekeya, and Arch. Mohammed Munyanya.

The formation of the United Democratic Forum Party (UDFP) arising from the systematic breakaway of the Pentagon into a rival party will have a major impact on the forthcoming elections on 4 March 2013. In recent by-elections, UDFP managed to show its national strength by emerging second in Kangema Constituency.

In 2022, Tindi Mwale won Member of Parliament on the Orange Democratic Movement ticket against his competitor Habil Nanjendo of the Amani National Congress. Mwale received 23,898 votes. ^[8]

Religion

The division is predominantly Anglican, though other denominations claim a significant percentage of followers. The outgoing Bishop of Butere ACK diocese, Horace Etemesi, successfully used the ACK influence on plant Dr. Anangwe as area MP in 1997 over Martin Shikuku, a Catholic, but his influence was insignificant in the wake of the 2002 NARC wave. The Late Naaman Otswong'o and Philip Ingutia used the Church^{[ which? ]} to gain mileage in business and farming, respectively.^{[ citation needed ]} Today, the most prominent sons of Butere continue to contribute to the church's development, including scholars like Fred Omukubi Otswong'o of JKUAT. ^[9]

Academic institutions

The sub-county has one national and one provincial secondary school(s): Butere Girls' High School (the national school) and Butere Boys' High School (the provincial school). The district also has numerous day secondary schools, with Lunza Secondary School being the largest in terms of the student population and perennially good performance. Others are Bukolwe, Shiatsala, Shikunga, and Bumamu Secondary School.

The introduction of the Constituency Development Fund saw Buchenya Girls' School being chosen as a center of academic excellence due to its central location. Shibembe Secondary, Mukoye Girls, and Mabole Boys have also been recently established.

There are several primary schools in the district, with Butere Primary School, Buchenya Primary, and Shirembe Primary School being the most prominent.

There are small kindergartens in the subcounty, including a self-help group driven by Shatieta Nursery School and fronted by Fred Omukubi.

References

1. Moracha, Vincent (10 January 2007). "Hope as passenger train services resume". The Standard . Nairobi. Archived from the original on 12 January 2007.
2. GACHUHI, Martha Wanjiru; OWUOR, George; GATHUNGU, Edith; GACHUHI, Martha Wanjiru; OWUOR, George; GATHUNGU, Edith (2021). GACHUHI, Martha Wanjiru; OWUOR, George; GATHUNGU, Edith (eds.). "Determinants of Intensity of Soybean Commercialization Among Smallholder Farmers in Butere, Kenya". Review of Agricultural and Applied Economics (RAAE). doi:10.22004/ag.econ.316629. ISSN   1336-9261.
3. Otswongo, Fred. "Trade Notes Protecting Traditional Knowledge and Associated Genetic Resources in Kenya: What A Community Needs To Know". Academia.edu. Retrieved 7 December 2021.
4. Nasong'o, Shadrack W.; Murunga, Godwin R. (2008-02-29). Kenya: The Struggle for Democracy. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN   978-1-84813-176-7.
5. Union, Kenya African National (1990). KANU 30 Great Years Handbook. Kenya African National Union.
6. Steeves, Jeffrey S. (1999). "The political evolution of Kenya: The 1997 elections and succession politics". Journal of Commonwealth & Comparative Politics. 37 (1): 71–94. doi:10.1080/14662049908447783. ISSN   1466-2043.
7. International Republican Institute. (n.d.). KENYA PRESIDENTIAL, PARLIAMENTARY AND LOCAL ELECTIONS. https://www.iri.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/kenyas_2007_presidental_parliamentary_and_local_elections-1.pdf
8. "ODM Takes Lion's Share Of Elective Seats In Kakamega". Kenya News Agency. August 22, 2022.
9. "Patent Drafting Officer – Directorate of Intellectual Property Management and University-Industry Liaison". Jkuat.ac.ke. Retrieved 7 December 2021.