Background
A Biam Crump graduated from Leiden University on 5 November 1736. On 7 March 1742 Byam Crump joined the troop [of Antigua]. In December 1753 Byam Crump, Esquire, was appointed major to Colonel Alexander Duroure's 38th Regiment of Foot in Antigua.
Leiden University is a public research university in Leiden, Netherlands. Founded in 1575 by William, Prince of Orange; leader of the Dutch Revolt in the Eighty Years' War; as a reward to the town of Leiden for its defense against Spanish attacks, it is the oldest institution of higher education in the Netherlands, and the twelfth-oldest in Europe.
Antigua, also known as Waladli or Wadadli by the native population, is an island in the West Indies. It is one of the Leeward Islands in the Caribbean region and the main island of the country of Antigua and Barbuda. Antigua and Barbuda became an independent state within the Commonwealth of Nations on 1 November 1981.
Lieutenant General Alexander Duroure was a British Army officer who served as colonel of the 4th Regiment of Foot.
During the Seven Years' War (1756–1763), on 27 February 1759 Major-General John Barrington succeeded to the command of the British forces during the invasion of Guadeloupe. He transferred most of the soldiers from Fort Royal, Martinique, to Fort Louis on the Grande-Terre side of Guadeloupe. In March he used this as a base from which naval transport carried separate forces under Brigadiers Byam Crump and John Clavering to attack French positions around the island. The attacks were highly effective, and the French started surrender negotiations on 21 April 1759. They formally capitulated on 2 May 1759.
Major-General John Barrington was an officer of the British Army, the third son of John Barrington, 1st Viscount Barrington.
The British expedition against Guadeloupe was a military action from January to May 1759, as part of the Seven Years' War. A large British force had arrived in the West Indies, intending to seize French possessions. After a six-month-long battle to capture Guadeloupe they finally received the formal surrender of the island, just days before a large French relief force arrived under Admiral Maximin de Bompart.
Grande-Terre Island is the name of the eastern-half of Guadeloupe proper, in the Lesser Antilles. It is separated from the other half of Guadeloupe island, Basse-Terre, by a narrow sea channel called Rivière Salée. Pointe de la Grande Vigie, in Grande-Terre, is the northernmost point of Guadeloupe island. To the east lies La Désirade, to the south lies Marie Galante
Governor of Guadeloupe
Barrington left Guadeloupe on 25 June 1759 and Crump took over as governor. In the fall of that year Crump recorded that eight officers and 577 men had died since June. The high number of deaths was in part due to what Crump called "very sultry weather", and also to lack of housing where the sick could be treated properly. Crump did what he could to reduce mortality, but the troops continued to fall ill and die. Crump found that his surgeons did not have experience with the Guadeloupe climate. He immediately hired a local French doctor to supervise his military surgeons. Crump wrote in a letter to Barrington that a "good clergyman" would be of "great comfort" to the ailing soldiers, but he would rather than have none than have the type of cleric that was usually sent.
The French were technically blockaded during the war, but in practice found ways to sell their sugar to the North American colonies in exchange for supplies. The sugar was re-branded as British sugar and shipped to London. Around the end of 1759 General Crump wrote a letter to William Pitt in which he said the French islands were completely dependent on this illegal trade and on the prizes they seized. They had not received any provisions from Europe for eight months. He said that it would help any military plans against the French if these practices were stopped. Traders in Guadeloupe during the English occupation continued to make fraudulent shipments to the Dutch colony of Sint Eustatius, which Crump called "that nest of thieves".
William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham, was a British statesman of the Whig group who served as Prime Minister of Great Britain in the middle of the 18th century. Historians call him Pitt of Chatham, or William Pitt the Elder, to distinguish him from his son, William Pitt the Younger, who also was a prime minister. Pitt was also known as The Great Commoner, because of his long-standing refusal to accept a title until 1766.
Sint Eustatius, also known locally as Statia, is an island in the Caribbean. It is a special municipality of the Netherlands.
Drafts of soldiers from other regiments often included incapable or bad characters the donor regiment did not want. On 24 October 1759 Crump, who badly needed replacements for the men who had died, wrote to Barrington asking him to personally prevent "frauds" who would destroy the Guadeloupe regiments. He asked that Barrington would protect "particularly the King's Own Regiment and not suffer that Corps, which at Culloden saved the Kingdom and upon all occasions has behaved with distinction, to be filled with the refuse of other regiments."
The Battle of Culloden was the final confrontation of the Jacobite rising of 1745. On 16 April 1746, the Jacobite forces of Charles Edward Stuart were decisively defeated by Hanoverian forces commanded by William Augustus, Duke of Cumberland, near Inverness in the Scottish Highlands.
On 11 March 1760 Colonel Byam Crump, Governor of Guadeloupe and Lieutenant-colonel of the 4th Regiment of Foot was seized with an ague [fever] fit about 4 and died about 5, in strong convulsions. Crump was replaced by Campbell Dalrymple. According to a letter of 1760 from Pitt to General Robert Melville, Crump was buried in the fort. When the French reoccupied Guadeloupe, on 6 July 1763 Crump was dug up and delivered to the dogs and the sea.
The Battle of Sainte-Foy, sometimes called the Battle of Quebec, was fought on April 28, 1760 near the British-held town of Quebec in the French province of Canada during the Seven Years' War. It was a victory for the French under the Chevalier de Lévis over the British army under General Murray. The battle was notably bloodier than the Battle of the Plains of Abraham of the previous September, with 833 French casualties to 1,124 British casualties. It was the last French victory in North America.
Lieutenant-General John Manners, Marquess of Granby, was a British soldier and the eldest son of the 3rd Duke of Rutland. As he did not outlive his father and inherit the dukedom, he was known by his father's subsidiary title, Marquess of Granby.
Field Marshal Studholme Hodgson was a British Army officer who served during the 18th century. After serving as an Aide-de-Camp to the Duke of Cumberland at the Battle of Fontenoy during the War of the Austrian Succession and at the Battle of Culloden during the Jacobite Rebellion, he became correspondent to William Barrington, the Secretary at War, during the French and Indian War. He went on to command the British expedition which captured Belle Île in June 1761 during the Seven Years' War so enabling the British Government to use the island as a bargaining piece during the negotiations leading up to the Treaty of Paris in 1763.
Charles Grey, 1st Earl Grey, KB, PC served as a British general in the 18th century. A distinguished soldier in a generation of exceptionally capable military and naval personnel, he served in the Seven Years' War of 1756-1763, taking part in the defeat of France. He later served in the American War of Independence (1775–1783) and in the early campaigns against France during the French Revolutionary War. Following the Battle of Paoli in Pennsylvania in 1777 he became known as "No-flint Grey" for, reputedly, ordering his men to extract the flints from their muskets during a night approach and to fight with the bayonet only.
General James Murray FRS was a British soldier, whose lengthy career included service as colonial administrator and governor of the Province of Quebec and later as Governor of Minorca from 1778 to 1782. His term in Quebec was notably successful, and marked with excellent relationships with the conquered French-Canadians, who were reassured of their traditional rights and customs.
General Robert Melvill LLD was a Scottish soldier, antiquary, botanist and inventor.
François-Gaston de Lévis, Duc de Lévis, styled as the Chevalier de Lévis until 1785, was a nobleman and a Marshal of France. He served with distinction in the War of the Polish Succession and the War of the Austrian Succession. During the Seven Years' War, he was second-in-command to Louis-Joseph de Montcalm in the defense of New France and then, after the surrender of New France in 1760, he served in Europe. After the war, he was appointed Governor of Artois, and in 1783 he was made a Marshal of France.
The 40th Regiment of Foot was an infantry regiment of the British Army, raised in 1717 in Annapolis Royal, Nova Scotia. Under the Childers Reforms it amalgamated with the 82nd Regiment of Foot to form the Prince of Wales's Volunteers in 1881.
Lieutenant General Sir John Clavering KB was an army officer and diplomat.
The Invasion of Dominica was a British military expedition to capture the Caribbean island of Dominica in June 1761, as part of the Seven Years' War.
Peregrine Thomas Hopson was a British army officer who commanded the 40th Regiment of Foot and saw extensive service during the eighteenth century and rose to the rank of Major General. He also served as British commander in Louisbourg during the British occupation between 1746–1749, then became Governor of Nova Scotia and later led a major expedition to the West Indies during the Seven Years' War during which he died.
Lieutenant General Edward Wolfe was a British army officer who saw action in the War of the Spanish Succession, 1715 Jacobite rebellion and the War of Jenkins' Ear. He is best known as the father of James Wolfe, famous for his capture of Quebec in 1759.
The 80th Regiment of Light-Armed Foot was the first light infantry regiment in the British Army.
Provincial troops were raised by the colonial governors and legislatures for extended operations during the French and Indian Wars. The provincial troops differed from the militia, in that they were a full-time military organization conducting extended operations. They differed from the regular British Army, in that they were recruited only for one campaign season at the time. These forces were often recruited through a quota system applied to the militia. Officers were appointed by the provincial governments. During the eighteenth century militia service was increasingly seen as a prerogative of the social and economic well-established, while provincial troops came to be recruited from different and less deep-rooted members of the community.
John Craufurd was a British Army officer and politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1761 and 1764.
William Rufane was a British soldier who fought in the Seven Years' War, was governor of Martinique in 1762–63 and rose to the rank of lieutenant general.
Louis-Charles Le Vassor de La Touche de Tréville, comte de La Touche, was a French naval general who was governor of Martinique and governor general of the Windward Islands.
Campbell Dalrymple was a British military officer who was Governor of Guadeloupe during the British occupation of that island during the Seven Years' War. After Guadeloupe was returned to the French under the Treaty of Paris, he argued strongly for making Dominica a free trade area so as to capture the French Caribbean trade.
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