Bykowina

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Bykowina
Ruda Śląska District

Ruda Slaska - Bytkowina - Kosciol NSPJ 01.JPG

Sacred Heart church
Ruda Slaska - Bykowina.svg
Location of Bykowina within Ruda Śląska
Coordinates: 50°16′14″N18°53′39″E / 50.270634°N 18.894274°E / 50.270634; 18.894274 Coordinates: 50°16′14″N18°53′39″E / 50.270634°N 18.894274°E / 50.270634; 18.894274
CountryFlag of Poland.svg  Poland
Voivodeship Silesian
County/City Ruda Śląska
Area
 • Total 1.6 km2 (0.6 sq mi)
Population (2006)
 • Total 18,267
 • Density 11,000/km2 (30,000/sq mi)
Time zone CET (UTC+1)
 • Summer (DST) CEST (UTC+2)
Area code(s) (+48) 032

Bykowina (German : Friedrichsdorf) is a district in the south-east of Ruda Śląska, Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland. It has an area of 1.6 km2 and in 2006 it was inhabited by 18,267 people. [1]

German language West Germanic language

German is a West Germanic language that is mainly spoken in Central Europe. It is the most widely spoken and official or co-official language in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, South Tyrol (Italy), the German-speaking Community of Belgium, and Liechtenstein. It is also one of the three official languages of Luxembourg and a co-official language in the Opole Voivodeship in Poland. The languages which are most similar to German are the other members of the West Germanic language branch: Afrikaans, Dutch, English, the Frisian languages, Low German/Low Saxon, Luxembourgish, and Yiddish. There are also strong similarities in vocabulary with Danish, Norwegian and Swedish, although those belong to the North Germanic group. German is the second most widely spoken Germanic language, after English.

In the Polish system of local administration, a dzielnica is an administrative subdivision or quarter of a city or town. A dzielnica may have its own elected council, and those of Warsaw each have their own mayor (burmistrz). Like the osiedle and sołectwo, a dzielnica is an auxiliary unit of a gmina. These units are created by decision of the gmina council, and do not have legal personality in their own right.

Ruda Śląska Place in Silesian, Poland

Ruda Śląska(listen) is a city in Silesia in southern Poland, near Katowice. It is a district in the Upper Silesian Metropolitan Union, a metropolis with a population of 2 million. It is located in the Silesian Highlands, on the Kłodnica river.

Contents

History

The settlement developed adjacent to a quarry operating here from at least the 16th century up to the early 20th century. The village was first mentioned in 1629 as belonging to von Donnersmarck family. Since its beginnings it was closely tied with Kochłowice, originally formed on a hill within its borders. The village was heavily affected by industrial development in the 19th century. In 1907 the name of the municipality was changed into Friedrichsdorf.

Henckel von Donnersmarck Austrian-German noble family

The Henckel von Donnersmarck family is an Austro-German noble family that originated in the former region of Spiš in Upper Hungary, now in Slovakia. The founder of the family was Henckel de Quintoforo in the 14/15th century. The original seat of the family was in Donnersmarck.

Kochłowice, Ruda Śląska Ruda Śląska District in Silesian, Poland

Kochłowice is a district in the south-east of Ruda Śląska, Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland. It has an area of 17.5 km2 and in 2006 it was inhabited by 12,738 people.

After World War I in the Upper Silesia plebiscite 841 out of 1,198 voters in Bykowina (Friedrichsdorf) voted in favour of joining Poland, against 353 opting for staying in Germany. [2] Afterwards it became a part of Silesian Voivodeship, Second Polish Republic. It was then annexed by Nazi Germany at the beginning of World War II. After the war it was restored to Poland.

World War I 1914–1918 global war originating in Europe

World War I, also known as the First World War or the Great War, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918. Contemporaneously described as "the war to end all wars", it led to the mobilisation of more than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, making it one of the largest wars in history. It is also one of the deadliest conflicts in history, with an estimated nine million combatants and seven million civilian deaths as a direct result of the war, while resulting genocides and the 1918 influenza pandemic caused another 50 to 100 million deaths worldwide.

Upper Silesia plebiscite

The Upper Silesia plebiscite was a plebiscite mandated by the Versailles Treaty and carried out on 20 March 1921 to determine a section of the border between Weimar Germany and Poland. The region was ethnically mixed with both Germans and Poles; according to prewar statistics, ethnic Poles formed 60 percent of the population. Under the previous rule by the German Empire, Poles claimed they had faced discrimination, making them effectively second class citizens. The period of the plebiscite campaign and inter-Allied occupation was marked by violence. There were three Polish uprisings, and German volunteer paramilitary units came to the region as well.

Silesian Voivodeship (1920–39)

The Silesian Voivodeship was an autonomous province (voivodeship) of the interwar Second Polish Republic. It became part of the newly reborn Poland as a result of the 1921 Upper Silesia plebiscite, the Geneva Conventions, three Upper Silesian Uprisings, and the eventual partition of Upper Silesia between Poland, Germany and Czechoslovakia. The capital of the voivodeship was Katowice.

Bykowina constituted a gmina (municipality) that was merged into Nowy Bytom in 1951, [3] and as part of Nowy Bytom was amalgamated with Ruda to form Ruda Śląska on December 31, 1958. [4]

Gmina administrative division of Poland

The gmina is the principal unit of the administrative division of Poland, similar to a municipality. As of 2010 there were 2,478 gminy throughout the country. The word gmina derives from the German word Gemeinde, meaning "community".

Nowy Bytom Ruda Śląska District in Silesian, Poland

Nowy Bytom is a district serving as administrative centre of Ruda Śląska, Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland. In 2006 it had an area of 4.6 km2 and was inhabited by 12,058 people. On January 12, 2006 a part of it was split off to form a new district, Czarny Las.

Ruda, Ruda Śląska Ruda Śląska District in Silesian, Poland

Ruda is a district in the north-west of Ruda Śląska, Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland. It has an area of 11.9 km2 and in 2006 it was inhabited by 23,134 people.

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References

  1. ↑ "Tab. 47 Rozkład dysfunkcji w mieście w latach 2003-2006". Lokalny Program Rewitalizacji Miasta Ruda Śląska na lata 2007-2015 (PDF) (in Polish). Ruda Śląska: Urząd Miasta Ruda Śląska. September 2007. p. 52.
  2. ↑ "Results of the Upper Silesia plebiscite in Kattowitz/Katowice County" (in German). Archived from the original on 2015-05-18. Retrieved 2015-05-03.
  3. ↑ Rozporządzenie Rady Ministrów z dnia 17 marca 1951 r. w sprawie zniesienia i zmiany granic niektórych powiatów oraz utworzenia i zmiany granic niektórych miast, stanowiących powiaty miejskie w województwie katowickim. , Dz. U. z 1951 r. Nr 18, poz. 147
  4. ↑ Rozporządzenie Rady Ministrów z dnia 18 listopada 1958 r. w sprawie utworzenia miasta Ruda Śląska stanowiącego powiat miejski w województwie katowickim. , Dz. U. z 1958 r. Nr 69, poz. 342


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