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French Baroque architecture, usually called French classicism, was a style of architecture during the reigns of Louis XIII (1610–1643), Louis XIV (1643–1715) and Louis XV (1715–1774). It was preceded by French Renaissance architecture and Mannerism and was followed in the second half of the 18th century by French Neoclassical architecture. The style was originally inspired by the Italian Baroque architecture style, but, particularly under Louis XIV, it gave greater emphasis to regularity, the colossal order of façades, and the use of colonnades and cupolas, to symbolize the power and grandeur of the King. Notable examples of the style include the Grand Trianon of the Palace of Versailles, and the dome of Les Invalides in Paris. In the final years of Louis XIV and the reign of Louis XV, the colossal orders gradually disappeared, the style became lighter and saw the introduction of wrought iron decoration in rocaille designs. The period also saw the introduction of monumental urban squares in Paris and other cities, notably Place Vendôme and the Place de la Concorde. The style profoundly influenced 18th-century secular architecture throughout Europe; the Palace of Versailles and the French formal garden were copied by other courts all over Europe.
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Pierre Cailleteau (1655–1724), called Lassurance, was a French architect. He is not to be confused with his son Jean Cailleteau, also known as Lassurance, or Lassurance le Jeune to distinguish him from his father.
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The Louis XIV style or Louis Quatorze, also called French classicism, was the style of architecture and decorative arts intended to glorify King Louis XIV and his reign. It featured majesty, harmony and regularity. It became the official style during the reign of Louis XIV (1643–1715), imposed upon artists by the newly established Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture and the Académie royale d'architecture. It had an important influence upon the architecture of other European monarchs, from Frederick the Great of Prussia to Peter the Great of Russia. Major architects of the period included François Mansart, Jules Hardouin-Mansart, Robert de Cotte, Pierre Le Muet, Claude Perrault, and Louis Le Vau. Major monuments included the Palace of Versailles, the Grand Trianon at Versailles, and the Church of Les Invalides (1675–1691).
Nicolas Delespine was a French master mason, entrepreneur and architect. He belonged to a dynasty of Parisian master masons.
Antoine de Ratabon was a French aristocrat who served as an arts and architecture administrator during the reign of Louis XIV. He was the first Director of the Académie de Peinture et de Sculpture from 1655 to 1670 as well as the Surintendant des Bâtiments from 1656 to 1664.
References
- 1 2 Barbiche, Bernard (1984). "Henri IV et la surintendance des bâtiments". Bulletin Monumental. 142 (1): 19–39. doi:10.3406/bulmo.1984.6311.
- 1 2 Barbiche 1984, p. 29.
- ↑ Barbiche 1984, p. 30.
- 1 2 3 Ringot, Benjamin (2011), Duma, Jean (ed.), "Les commis de la surintendance des Bâtiments du roi sous Jules Hardouin-Mansart (1699-1708)", Histoires de nobles et de bourgeois : Individus, groupes, réseaux en France. xvie-xviiie siècles, Hors collection (in French), Nanterre: Presses universitaires de Paris Nanterre, pp. 97–112, ISBN 978-2-8218-5112-2 , retrieved 2024-11-03
- ↑ Idoux, Viviane (2015). L’administration des Bâtiments du Roi sous les règnes de Louis XV et Louis XVI (PDF) (PhD thesis). Université de Versailles-Saint Quentin en Yvelines. pp. 42–44.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Barbiche 1984, p. 28.
- ↑ "Louvois". Palace of Versailles. 2019-08-20. Retrieved 2024-11-03.
- ↑ Merson, Olivier (1901). La peinture française au XVIIe siècle et au XVIIIe (PDF). Paris. p. 124.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ↑ "Jules Hardouin-Mansart". Palace of Versailles. 2021-07-01. Retrieved 2024-11-03.
- ↑ "Louis Antoine de Pardaillan de Gondrin". The British Museum. Retrieved 3 November 2024.
- 1 2 "Charles François Paul Lenormant de Tournehem". The British Museum. Retrieved 3 November 2024.
- ↑ "Terray, Joseph-Marie, Abbé". www.nga.gov. Retrieved 2024-11-03.
- ↑ "Charles Claude Flahaut de la Billarderie, Comte d'Angiviller". The British Museum. Retrieved 3 November 2024.