Calibanus (gastropod)

Calibanus
	Aperatural view of shell of Calibanus furvus (Reeve, 1843)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Gastropoda
(unranked):	clade Caenogastropoda ; clade Hypsogastropoda ; clade Neogastropoda
Superfamily:	Conoidea
Family:	Conidae
Subfamily:	Coninae
Genus:	Calibanus; da Motta, 1991
Type species
	Conus furvusReeve, 1843;
Synonyms
	Conus (Calibanus)da Motta, 1991

Last updated March 17, 2019

Calibanus is a subgenus of sea snails, cone snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the genus Conus, family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies.^[1]

In biology, a subgenus is a taxonomic rank directly below genus.

Sea snail is a common name for snails that normally live in salt water, in other words marine gastropods. The taxonomic class Gastropoda also includes snails that live in other habitats, such as land snails and freshwater snails. Many species of sea snails are edible and exploited as food sources by humans.

Conus is a genus of predatory sea snails, or cone snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Conidae. Prior to 2009, cone snail species had all traditionally been grouped into the single genus Conus. However, Conus is now more precisely defined, and there are several other accepted genera of cone snails. For a list of the currently accepted genera, see Conidae.

Distinguishing characteristics

The Tucker & Tenorio 2009 taxonomy distinguishes Calibanus from Conus in the following ways:^[3]

Genus Conus sensu stricto Linnaeus, 1758

Shell characters (living and fossil species)

The basic shell shape is conical to elongated conical, has a deep anal notch on the shoulder, a smooth periostracum and a small operculum. The shoulder of the shell is usually nodulose and the protoconch is usually multispiral. Markings often include the presence of tents except for black or white color variants, with the absence of spiral lines of minute tents and textile bars.

Radular tooth (not known for fossil species)

The radula has an elongated anterior section with serrations and a large exposed terminating cusp, a non-obvious waist, blade is either small or absent and has a short barb, and lacks a basal spur.

Geographical distribution

These species are found in the Indo-Pacific region.

Feeding habits

These species eat other gastropods including cones.^[3]

Subgenus Calibanusda Motta, 1991

Shell characters (living and fossil species)

The protoconch is paucispiral, and the shell is turbinate in shape. The anal notch is moderate to deep. The anterior end of the shell is darkened, and may be brown or purple. Tent markings on the shell are poorly developed or may be absent, spiral lines of minute tents are absent, and textile bars are absent. The periostracum is smooth, and the operculum is small.

Radular tooth (not known for fossil species)

The anterior section of the radula is much longer than posterior section, and the waist is not obvious. A basal spur is absent, the barb and blade are short. Serrations and a terminating cusp on the radular tooth are present.

Geographical distribution

The one species in this genus occurs in the Indo-Pacific region..

Feeding habits

The one species in this genus is molluscivorous (meaning that it preys upon molluscs). It is reported to prey on other cone species, most frequently Phasmoconus radiatus (Gmelin, 1791).^[4]

Species list

This list of species is based on the information in the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) list. Species within the genus Calibanus include:^[1]

The World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) is a taxonomic database that aims to provide an authoritative and comprehensive list of names of marine organisms.

The following species names are recognized as "alternate representations" (see full explanation below) in contrast to the traditional system, which uses the genus Conus for all species in the family:^[1]

Calibanus furvus(Reeve, 1843): synonym of Conus (Calibanus) furvusReeve, 1843 represented as Conus furvus Reeve, 1843
Conus (Calibanus) thalassiarchusG. B. Sowerby I, 1834 represented as Conus thalassiarchus G. B. Sowerby I, 1834

Conus furvus, common name the dark cone, is a species of predatory sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae, the cone snails, cone shells or cones.

Conus thalassiarchus, common name the bough cone, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies.

Related Research Articles

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Gladioconus is a synonym of a subgenus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the genus Conus, family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies. T

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Leporiconus is a subgenus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the genus Conus, family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies.

Leptoconus is a subgenus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the genus Conus, family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies.

Lithoconus is a subgenus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the genus Conus, family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies.

Lividoconus is a subgenus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the genus Conus, family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies.

Monteiroconus is a subgenus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the genus Conus, family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies.

Phasmoconus is a subgenus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the genus Conus, family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies.

References

1 2 3 Calibanus da Motta, 1991 . Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 06/23/11.
↑ Puillandre N., Duda T.F., Meyer C., Olivera B.M. & Bouchet P. (2015). One, four or 100 genera? A new classification of the cone snails. Journal of Molluscan Studies. 81: 1-23
1 2 Tucker J.K. & Tenorio M.J. (2009), Systematic Classification of Recent and Fossil Conoidean Gastropods, ConchBooks, Hankenheim, Germany, 295 pp.
↑ Espino, S.S., Kohn, J.J., Villanueva, J.A., Heralde, F.M., III, Cornweli, P.S., Concepcion, G.P., Olivera, B.M., & Santox, A.D. (2008), Feeding behavior, phylogeny, and toxicity of Conus furvus Reeve, 1843 (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda: Conidae). The Nautilus 122:143-150.

External links

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[WoRMS-1] 1 2 3 Calibanus da Motta, 1991 . Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 06/23/11.

[Puillandre-2] Puillandre N., Duda T.F., Meyer C., Olivera B.M. & Bouchet P. (2015). One, four or 100 genera? A new classification of the cone snails. Journal of Molluscan Studies. 81: 1-23

[Systematic-3] 1 2 Tucker J.K. & Tenorio M.J. (2009), Systematic Classification of Recent and Fossil Conoidean Gastropods, ConchBooks, Hankenheim, Germany, 295 pp.

[4] Espino, S.S., Kohn, J.J., Villanueva, J.A., Heralde, F.M., III, Cornweli, P.S., Concepcion, G.P., Olivera, B.M., & Santox, A.D. (2008), Feeding behavior, phylogeny, and toxicity of Conus furvus Reeve, 1843 (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda: Conidae). The Nautilus 122:143-150.