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Cape Gloucester Airport | |||||||||||
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Summary | |||||||||||
Airport type | Public | ||||||||||
Location | Cape Gloucester, Papua New Guinea | ||||||||||
Elevation AMSL | 78 ft / 24 m | ||||||||||
Coordinates | 05°27′33″S148°25′57″E / 5.45917°S 148.43250°E | ||||||||||
Map | |||||||||||
Runways | |||||||||||
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Cape Gloucester Airport is an airport in West New Britain Province, Papua New Guinea. ( IATA : CGC, ICAO : AYCG). The airport is a single runway general aviation facility; at the present time there is no scheduled commercial service to the airport.
Construction of Cape Gloucester Airport originally began in 1942 by the Australians. When the area was seized by the Japanese, it was improved into a two-runway airfield. Later, the area was liberated by the United States Marines on 30 December 1943. Three American aviation engineer battalions were sent to the airfield where they found their work impeded by heavy rains. Marine L-4 aircraft (military versions of the Piper Cub) began operating from a road near the airfield as early as 2 January, and other aircraft were able to make emergency landings. The available engineering forces planned to have the airfield operational for fighters by 1 February but American aircraft did not start operating from the strip until February 1944, but moved out by the end of March.
Cape Gloucester was later developed as an American and an Australian air base but it was never a particularly significant one. After the war, the airfield remained in use for civilian aircraft to service the Cape Gloucester area. It is not used by larger commercial flights, and is occasionally closed due to volcanic activity in the area.
In addition, the 12th Defense Battalion (USMC) was assigned to the airfield between 30 December 1943 and late May 1944. Royal Australian Air Force units based at Cape Gloucester consisted of No. 78 Squadron, equipped with P-40 Warhawks. The facility, however, was not very usable, as the mud during the winter rainy season was so bad most aircraft could not use the airfield.
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The Battle of Cape Gloucester was fought in the Pacific theater of World War II between Japanese and Allied forces on the island of New Britain, Territory of New Guinea, between 26 December 1943 and 16 January 1944. Codenamed Operation Backhander, the US landing formed part of the wider Operation Cartwheel, the main Allied strategy in the South West Pacific Area and Pacific Ocean Areas during 1943–1944. It was the second landing the US 1st Marine Division had conducted during the war thus far, after Guadalcanal. The objective of the operation was to capture the two Japanese airfields near Cape Gloucester that were defended by elements of the Japanese 17th Division.
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This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency