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Maria Tecla Artemisia Montessori was an Italian physician and educator best known for the philosophy of education that bears her name, and her writing on scientific pedagogy. At an early age, Montessori enrolled in classes at an all-boys technical school, with hopes of becoming an engineer. She soon had a change of heart and began medical school at the Sapienza University of Rome, becoming one of the first women to attend medical school in Italy; she graduated with honors in 1896. Her educational method is in use today in many public and private schools globally.
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Lillian Daphne de Lissa (1885–1967) was an early childhood educator and educational theorist in Adelaide, South Australia and the United Kingdom in the twentieth century.
Harriet Burbank Rogers was an American educator, a pioneer in the oral method of instruction of the deaf. She was the first director of Clarke School for the Deaf, the first U.S. institution to teach the deaf by articulation and lip reading rather than by signing. Her success in teaching deaf children to speak helped change American public opinion, which was traditionally inclined toward sign language, opening the door for the auditory/oral method to be used in many American schools.
Edith Mansfield Fitzgerald (1877–1940) was a deaf American woman who invented a system for the deaf to learn proper placement of words in the construction of sentences. Her method, which was known as the 'Fitzgerald Key,' was used to teach those with hearing disabilities in three-quarters of the schools in the United States.
Bernice Robinson (1914–1994) was an American activist in the Civil Rights Movement and education proponent who helped establish adult Citizenship Schools in South Carolina. Becoming field supervisor of adult education for the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), she led political education workshops throughout the south, in Alabama, Louisiana, Mississippi, Tennessee, and other states to teach adult reading skills so that blacks would be able to pass literacy tests to vote. Between 1970 and 1975, Robinson worked for the South Carolina Commission for Farm Workers, supervising VISTA workers and directing day care centers. In both 1972 and 1974, she unsuccessfully ran for the South Carolina House of Representatives, becoming the first African American woman to run for a political office in the state.
Lillie Eginton Warren was an American educator and an author of work upon defective speech. She was the inventor of the Warren Method of Expression Reading and Numerical Cipher. This method was a patented series of pictures of the expressions of the facial muscles produced by articulate speech by which it was possible for a deaf person to understand conversation by the eyes alone. Until the 1890s, deaf education was limited to children, but Warren and her assistant, Edward Nichie, expanded the scope of work to adults.
Ellen Torelle Nagler was an American biologist, author, and lecturer. Nagler stressed consistently the educational development of the child in the majority of her talks and writings. It was patently the subject in which she, herself, was most interested. She may be said practically to have originated a method of teaching science whereby the mind of the child could be impressed with the processes of nature by which life is reproduced from life, both in the plant and the animal world. Her presentation of her subject followed a definite order of procedure; each object was studied first as an individual entity, in all its parts and relations, and then as a part of the entire living universe. She was editor of the biological and chemical articles in the Standard Reference Work, an encyclopedia for young people, and of the zoological articles for the New Student Reference Work (1919). Nagler was a recipient of the Eistedfod Prize.
References
- ↑ Leonard, John William, ed. (1914), Woman's Who's Who of America: A Biographical Dictionary of Contemporary Women of the United States and Canada, 1914-1915, New York: American Commonwealth Company, p. 48.
- This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain : Gilman, D. C.; Peck, H. T.; Colby, F. M., eds. (1905). New International Encyclopedia (1st ed.). New York: Dodd, Mead.
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