Carol Sanger | |
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Born | December 30, 1948 |
Partner | Jeremy Waldron |
Academic background | |
Education | |
Academic work | |
Discipline | Family law |
Institutions |
Carol Sanger (born December 30,1948) [1] is an American legal scholar specializing in reproductive rights. She is Barbara Aronstein Black Professor of Law at Columbia Law School. [2] She is not related to the pioneering birth control activist Margaret Sanger. [3]
Sanger was born on December 30,1948,in Nuremberg,Germany. [1] She received her B.A. from Wellesley College and her J.D. (Juris Doctor) degree from the University of Michigan. She began her career as a lawyer in private practice before teaching at the University of Oregon Law School and then at Santa Clara University. [4]
Sanger joined the faculty of Columbia Law School in 1996. She teaches and writes about contracts,family law,and abortion law in the United States. [2] [5]
She was named an honorary fellow of Mansfield College,Oxford for her “world-renowned scholarship in the common law of contract,women’s rights,and research in human rights law.” [6] She was also a fellow at the Princeton School of Public and International Affairs. [7]
Sanger delivered the 2018 Annual Distinguished Lecture for Boston University School of Law. [8] She was honored by the academic journal The Green Bag for "exemplary legal writing" in 2013 for her article The Birth of Death:Stillborn Birth Certificates and the Problem for Law,which first appeared on the California Law Review . [9] [10]
Sanger's partner is former Columbia Law and currently New York University School of Law professor Jeremy Waldron. [11] [12]
Margaret Higgins Sanger,also known as Margaret Sanger Slee,was an American birth control activist,sex educator,writer,and nurse. She popularized the term "birth control",opened the first birth control clinic in the United States,and established organizations that evolved into the Planned Parenthood Federation of America.
Carol Gilligan is an American feminist,ethicist,and psychologist,best known for her work on ethical community and ethical relationships.
The Planned Parenthood Federation of America,Inc. (PPFA),or simply Planned Parenthood,is an American nonprofit organization that provides reproductive and sexual healthcare and sexual education in the United States and globally. It is a member of the International Planned Parenthood Federation (IPPF).
Jeremy Waldron is a New Zealand legal philosopher. He holds a University Professorship at the New York University School of Law,is affiliated with the New York University Department of Philosophy,and was formerly the Chichele Professor of Social and Political Theory at All Souls College,Oxford University. Waldron also holds an adjunct professorship at Victoria University of Wellington. Waldron is regarded as one of the world's leading legal and political philosophers.
Mary Steichen Calderone was an American physician,author,public speaker,and public health advocate for reproductive rights and sex education.
Jane Elizabeth Hodgson was an American obstetrician and gynecologist. Hodgson received a bachelor's degree from Carleton College and her M.D. from the University of Minnesota. She trained at the Jersey City Medical Center and at the Mayo Clinic.
Priscilla J. Smith is an American attorney and professor,notable for her advocacy for abortion in the United States. She is currently employed as a Clinical Lecturer and Program Director for the Study of Reproductive Justice at The Yale Law School. She previously served as an attorney and U.S. Legal Program Director at the Center For Reproductive Law &Policy.
Faye Wattleton is an American reproductive rights activist who was the first African American and the youngest president ever elected of Planned Parenthood Federation of America,and the first woman since Margaret Sanger to hold the position. She is currently Co-founder &Director at EeroQ,a quantum computing company. She is best known for her contributions to family planning and reproductive health,and the reproductive rights movement.
Frances Myrna Kamm is an American philosopher specializing in normative and applied ethics. Kamm is currently the Henry Rutgers University Professor of Philosophy and Distinguished Professor of Philosophy at Rutgers University in New Brunswick,New Jersey. She is also the Littauer Professor of Philosophy and Public Policy Emerita at Harvard University's John F. Kennedy School of Government,as well as Professor Emerita in the Department of Philosophy at New York University.
Nancy Northup is an American political activist. She is the president of the Center for Reproductive Rights,an abortion rights organization,in New York City.
Janet Benshoof was an American human rights lawyer and President and Founder of the Global Justice Center. She founded the Center for Reproductive Rights,the world's first international human rights organization focused on reproductive choice and equality.
The birth control movement in the United States was a social reform campaign beginning in 1914 that aimed to increase the availability of contraception in the U.S. through education and legalization. The movement began in 1914 when a group of political radicals in New York City,led by Emma Goldman,Mary Dennett,and Margaret Sanger,became concerned about the hardships that childbirth and self-induced abortions brought to low-income women. Since contraception was considered to be obscene at the time,the activists targeted the Comstock laws,which prohibited distribution of any "obscene,lewd,and/or lascivious" materials through the mail. Hoping to provoke a favorable legal decision,Sanger deliberately broke the law by distributing The Woman Rebel,a newsletter containing a discussion of contraception. In 1916,Sanger opened the first birth control clinic in the United States,but the clinic was immediately shut down by police,and Sanger was sentenced to 30 days in jail.
Harriet Fleischl Pilpel was an American attorney and women's rights activist. She wrote and lectured extensively regarding the freedom of speech,freedom of the press,and reproductive freedom. Pilpel served as general counsel for both the American Civil Liberties Union and Planned Parenthood. During her career,she participated in 27 cases that came before the United States Supreme Court. Pilpel was involved in the birth control movement and the pro-choice movement. She helped to establish the legal rights of minors to abortion and contraception.
Alexander C. Sanger is an American reproductive rights activist and the former Chair of the International Planned Parenthood Council. He is the grandson of Margaret Sanger,the founder of Planned Parenthood who opened America's first birth control clinic in Brownsville,Brooklyn,in 1916. Sanger previously served as a United Nations Population Fund Goodwill Ambassador,as the President of Planned Parenthood of New York City (PPNYC) and President of its international arm,The Margaret Sanger Center International (MSCI) from 1991 to 2000.
Loretta J. Ross is an American academic,feminist,and activist who advocates for reproductive justice,especially among women of color. As an activist,Ross has written on reproductive justice activism and the history of African American women.
Ann Elizabeth Kurth,PhD,CNM,MPH,FAAN,FACNM is President of The New York Academy of Medicine (NYAM),a leading nonprofit organization focused on health equity;she is the first epidemiologist to lead NYAM in its 176-year history. Previously she was the dean and Linda Koch Lorimer Professor at Yale School of Nursing (YSN). She is a fellow of the National Academy of Medicine and was a member of the United States Preventive Services Task Force. She is an expert in global health and HIV with work funded by the National Institutes of Health,Bill &Melinda Gates Foundation,CDC,and others,for studies in the US and internationally. Dr. Kurth has published ~250 peer-reviewed articles,chapters,and monographs. She currently co-chairs the National Academy of Medicine Board on Global Health,which includes a focus on health issues of national and global import.
Abortion in New York is legal,although abortions after the 24th week of pregnancy require a physician's approval. Abortion was legalized up to the 24th week of pregnancy in New York in 1970,three years before it was legalized for the entire United States with the Supreme Court's decision in Roe v. Wade in 1973. Roe v. Wade was later overturned in 2022 by the Supreme Court in Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization. The Reproductive Health Act,passed in 2019 in New York,further allows abortions past the 24th week of pregnancy if a pregnant individual's life or health is at risk,or if the fetus is not viable. However,since these exceptions are not defined by the law,and the law carries no criminal penalties for the pregnant individual,abortion is effectively legal throughout pregnancy.
Melissa Erica Murray is an academic and legal scholar who is the Frederick I. and Grace Stokes Professor of Law at NYU Law,where she has been a member of the faculty since July 1,2018. Murray was previously the interim dean of the UC Berkeley School of Law.
Katherine M. Franke is an American legal scholar who specializes in gender and sexuality law. She is the James L. Dohr Professor of Law at Columbia Law School.
Greer Donley is an American attorney known for her expertise in abortion law and her advocacy for abortion rights. Donley is an associate professor of law at the University of Pittsburgh School of Law and a John E. Murray Faculty Scholar. Donley was influential in drafting a 2022 law in Connecticut that shields residents from the antiabortion movement,a law that has since been modeled in other states. She was the 11th most downloaded law professor in 2022.