Carpinus austrobalcanica

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Carpinus austrobalcanica
Carpinus austrobalcanica (2) Photo University of Belgrade Nevena Kuzmanovic.jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Fagales
Family: Betulaceae
Genus: Carpinus
Species:
C. austrobalcanica
Binomial name
Carpinus austrobalcanica
Nevena Kuzmanović, Dmitar Lakušić, Ivana Stevanoski, Peter Schönswetter, Božo Frajman
Carpinus austrobalcanica distribution cropped.jpg
Distribution of Carpinus austrobalcanica (in red). The ranges of Carpinus orientalis (green horizontal lines) and C. betulus (orange vertical lines) are also indicated.

Carpinus austrobalcanica, the southern Balkan hornbeam, is a species of hardwood tree in the family Betulaceae, subfamily Coryloideae, native only to the southern Balkan Peninsula, in particular southern Albania and northwestern Greece. [1] First described in 2024 [2] it is, with the European hornbeam ( Carpinus betulus) and the Oriental hornbeam ( Carpinus orientalis), one of three hornbeams native to Europe.

Contents

Description

C. austrobalcanica is a deciduous tree reaching heights up to 15 meters. It is "closely related" [1] to, but differs from the similar common European hornbeam (Carpinus betulus) in a number of characters. Differences can be observed in the structure and colour of the bark, which is deeply fissured into centimetre-sized scales, and light brown to brown. In this respect, C. austrobalcanica is more similar to European hophornbeam ( Ostrya carpinifolia ). Additionally, the buds are obovate, while those of common hornbeam have a pointed shape.

The leaf structure also varies, with Carpinus austrobalcanica having a flat leaf surface that is not wavy, while the other species (common hornbeam) has strongly wavy leaves. The leaf venation in C. austrobalcanica is not pronounced and more or less in the plane of the leaf surface. In contrast, common hornbeam has a pronounced venation.

The Inflorescences of C. austrobalcanica are very elongated, up to 25 cm, interrupted, and usually clearly longer than the supporting leaf, those of common hornbeam are dense, up to 15 cm, rarely clearly interrupted, and usually only slightly longer than the supporting leaf. [1]

Distribution and habitat

C. austrobalcanica is currently known only from a limited range in the northern Pindus of Albania and Greece, specifically the Nemërçka and Tymphe mountain ranges. Here it occurs at altitudes ranging from 850 to 1500m in mixed to almost monodominant stands, in xero-thermophilous communities along with oaks ( Quercus petraea , Q. pubescens , Q. trojana ), other Coryloidae ( Carpinus orientalis , Ostrya carpinifolia ), maples ( Acer monspessulanum , A. pseudoplatanus ), rosaceous species ( Aria graeca , Prunus mahaleb ), broad-leaved lime ( Tilia platyphyllos ), cade juniper ( Juniperus oxycedrus ), Judas tree ( Cercis siliquastrum ) and tanner's sumach ( Rhus coriaria ), on calcareous soils. [1]

Discovery

The species was first described in 2024 by scientists from University of Belgrade and University of Innsbruck. [2]

Related Research Articles

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Hornbeams are hardwood trees in the plant genus Carpinus in the family Betulaceae. Its species occur across much of the temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere.

<i>Ostrya</i> Genus of trees

Ostrya is a genus of eight to 10 small deciduous trees belonging to the birch family Betulaceae. Common names include hop-hornbeam and hophornbeam. It may also be called ironwood, a name shared with a number of other plants.

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Carpinus betulus, the European or common hornbeam, is a species of tree in the birch family Betulaceae, native to Western Asia and central, eastern, and southern Europe, including southern England. It requires a warm climate for good growth, and occurs only at elevations up to 1,000 metres (3,281 ft). It grows in mixed stands with oak, and in some areas beech, and is also a common tree in scree forests. Hornbeam was also known as yoke elm. Together with Carpinus orientalis and Carpinus austrobalcanica, it is one of the three hornbeams founded in Europe.

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Carpinus orientalis, known as the Oriental hornbeam, is a hornbeam native to Hungary, the Balkans, Italy, Crimea, Turkey, Iran, and the Caucasus. and occurs usually on hot dry sites at lower altitudes in comparison to Carpinus betulus. Together with C. betulus and Carpinus austrobalcanica, it is one of the three hornbeams founded in Europe.

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Eriocrania chrysolepidella is a moth of the family Eriocraniidae found in Europe. It was first described by the German entomologist, Philipp Christoph Zeller in 1851. The larvae mine the leaves of hazel and hornbeam.

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References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Kuzmanović, Nevena; Lakušić, Dmitar; Stevanoski, Ivana; Barfuss, Michael H. J.; Schönswetter, Peter; Frajman, Božo (2024). "Carpinus austrobalcanica – A new highly polyploid species from the Balkan Peninsula closely related to European hornbeam". Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics. 64: 125812. doi: 10.1016/j.ppees.2024.125812 . ISSN   1433-8319 . Retrieved 2024-12-04.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  2. 1 2 "Innsbrucker Botaniker:innen beschreiben neue Baumart". University of Innsbruck, www.uikb.ac.at (in German). 2024-08-20. Retrieved 2024-12-05.