Carpinus austrobalcanica | |
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Scientific classification ![]() | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Clade: | Rosids |
Order: | Fagales |
Family: | Betulaceae |
Genus: | Carpinus |
Species: | C. austrobalcanica |
Binomial name | |
Carpinus austrobalcanica Nevena Kuzmanović, Dmitar Lakušić, Ivana Stevanoski, Peter Schönswetter, Božo Frajman | |
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Distribution of Carpinus austrobalcanica (in red). The ranges of Carpinus orientalis (green horizontal lines) and C. betulus (orange vertical lines) are also indicated. |
Carpinus austrobalcanica, the southern Balkan hornbeam, is a species of hardwood tree in the family Betulaceae, subfamily Coryloideae, native only to the southern Balkan Peninsula, in particular southern Albania and northwestern Greece. [1] First described in 2024 [2] it is, with the European hornbeam ( Carpinus betulus) and the Oriental hornbeam ( Carpinus orientalis), one of three hornbeams native to Europe.
C. austrobalcanica is a deciduous tree reaching heights up to 15 meters. It is "closely related" [1] to, but differs from the similar common European hornbeam (Carpinus betulus) in a number of characters. Differences can be observed in the structure and colour of the bark, which is deeply fissured into centimetre-sized scales, and light brown to brown. In this respect, C. austrobalcanica is more similar to European hophornbeam ( Ostrya carpinifolia ). Additionally, the buds are obovate, while those of common hornbeam have a pointed shape.
The leaf structure also varies, with Carpinus austrobalcanica having a flat leaf surface that is not wavy, while the other species (common hornbeam) has strongly wavy leaves. The leaf venation in C. austrobalcanica is not pronounced and more or less in the plane of the leaf surface. In contrast, common hornbeam has a pronounced venation.
The Inflorescences of C. austrobalcanica are very elongated, up to 25 cm, interrupted, and usually clearly longer than the supporting leaf, those of common hornbeam are dense, up to 15 cm, rarely clearly interrupted, and usually only slightly longer than the supporting leaf. [1]
C. austrobalcanica is currently known only from a limited range in the northern Pindus of Albania and Greece, specifically the Nemërçka and Tymphe mountain ranges. Here it occurs at altitudes ranging from 850 to 1500m in mixed to almost monodominant stands, in xero-thermophilous communities along with oaks ( Quercus petraea , Q. pubescens , Q. trojana ), other Coryloidae ( Carpinus orientalis , Ostrya carpinifolia ), maples ( Acer monspessulanum , A. pseudoplatanus ), rosaceous species ( Aria graeca , Prunus mahaleb ), broad-leaved lime ( Tilia platyphyllos ), cade juniper ( Juniperus oxycedrus ), Judas tree ( Cercis siliquastrum ) and tanner's sumach ( Rhus coriaria ), on calcareous soils. [1]
The species was first described in 2024 by scientists from University of Belgrade and University of Innsbruck. [2]
Hornbeams are hardwood trees in the plant genus Carpinus in the family Betulaceae. Its species occur across much of the temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere.
Ostrya is a genus of eight to 10 small deciduous trees belonging to the birch family Betulaceae. Common names include hop-hornbeam and hophornbeam. It may also be called ironwood, a name shared with a number of other plants.
Carpinus betulus, the European or common hornbeam, is a species of tree in the birch family Betulaceae, native to Western Asia and central, eastern, and southern Europe, including southern England. It requires a warm climate for good growth, and occurs only at elevations up to 1,000 metres (3,281 ft). It grows in mixed stands with oak, and in some areas beech, and is also a common tree in scree forests. Hornbeam was also known as yoke elm. Together with Carpinus orientalis and Carpinus austrobalcanica, it is one of the three hornbeams founded in Europe.
Ostrya virginiana, the American hophornbeam, is a species of Ostrya native to eastern North America, from Nova Scotia west to southern Manitoba and eastern Wyoming, southeast to northern Florida and southwest to eastern Texas. Populations from Mexico and Central America are also regarded as the same species, although some authors prefer to separate them as a distinct species, Ostrya guatemalensis. Other names include eastern hophornbeam, hardhack, ironwood, and leverwood.
Hirkan National Park is a national park in Azerbaijan, in the Talysh region. It was established in an area in Lankaran Rayon and Astara Rayon administrative districts on February 9, 2004 on the basis of the former "Hirkan State Reserve" which it superseded, on a surface area of 29,760 hectares (297.6 km2). It was enlarged by presidential decree on April 23, 2008 from 29,760 hectares (297.6 km2) to 40,358 hectares (403.58 km2).
Göygöl National Park — is a national park of Azerbaijan. It was established in an area in Goygol Rayon administrative district on April 1, 2008, on the basis of the former "Goy Gol State Reserve" that was established in 1925 and which it superseded, on a surface area of 12,755 hectares (127.55 km2). It was enlarged from 6,739 hectares (67.39 km2) of the former state reserve to its current surface area as a national park. The park is the most visited in the country.
The Hyrcanian forests are a zone of lush lowland and montane forests covering about 55,000 square kilometres (21,000 sq mi) near the shores of the Caspian Sea in Iran and Azerbaijan. The forest is named after the ancient region of Hyrcania. The World Wide Fund for Nature refers to the ecoregion as the Caspian Hyrcanian mixed forests. Since 5 July 2019, the Hyrcanian Forests have been designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site. In September 2023, the heritage site expanded to incorporate portions of the forest located in Azerbaijan.
Carpinus orientalis, known as the Oriental hornbeam, is a hornbeam native to Hungary, the Balkans, Italy, Crimea, Turkey, Iran, and the Caucasus. and occurs usually on hot dry sites at lower altitudes in comparison to Carpinus betulus. Together with C. betulus and Carpinus austrobalcanica, it is one of the three hornbeams founded in Europe.
Eriocrania chrysolepidella is a moth of the family Eriocraniidae found in Europe. It was first described by the German entomologist, Philipp Christoph Zeller in 1851. The larvae mine the leaves of hazel and hornbeam.
Stigmella microtheriella is a moth of the family Nepticulidae, found in Asia, Europe and New Zealand. The larvae mine the leaves of hazel and hornbeams. It was described by the English entomologist, Henry Tibbats Stainton in 1854 from a type specimen found in England.
Stigmella floslactella is a moth of the family Nepticulidae. It is found in all of Europe, except the Balkan Peninsula and the Mediterranean islands.
Ostrya carpinifolia, the European hop-hornbeam, is a tree in the family Betulaceae. It is the only species of the genus Ostrya that is native to Europe.
Apoderus coryli, the hazel-leaf roller weevil, is a species of leaf-rolling beetles belonging to the family Attelabidae subfamily Attelabinae. Because of the trunk-like elongated head, it is often mistakenly attributed to the weevil family Curculionidae.
The total forest area of Azerbaijan is 1,021,880 ha or 11.8% of the country's area. The forest biomes consist of temperate deciduous forests, temperate broadleaf and mixed forests, temperate coniferous forests and riparian forests. Specialists estimate that in the 8th-9th centuries the forest cover was around 30-35%, most of it situated in mountainous areas.
Bentler Nature Park is a nature park located in Sarıyer district of Istanbul Province, Turkey. Bentler means "dams" in Turkish language.
Mihrabat Nature Park is a nature park located on the Asian part in Beykoz district of Istanbul Province, Turkey.
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Kosovo is characterised by a diverse biodiversity and an abundance of different ecosystems and habitats determined by the climate along with the geology and hydrology. Predominantly mountainous, it is located at the center of the Balkan Peninsula bounded by Montenegro to the west, Serbia to the north and east, North Macedonia to the southeast, and Albania to the southwest.
Ajameti Managed Reserve is a protected area in the Baghdati Municipality, Zestaponi Municipality region of Georgia. It protects famous oaks of Ajameti and other local flora. Some of the trees are from 120 to 200 years old. Reserve also protects local fauna.
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